Table 8. Sedatives, Tranquilizers, Anesthetics and Analgesics for Use in Rabbits
|
Drug |
Dosage |
Route of Injection |
Duration of Anesthesia |
|
Sedatives/Tranquilizers |
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|
Diazepam |
5-10 mg/kg |
IM |
|
|
Midazolam |
2 mg/kg |
IP or IV |
|
|
Propiopromazine |
5-10 mg/kg |
IM |
|
|
Acetylpromazine |
0.75-10.0 mg/kg (0.75-1.0 mg/kg is most frequently used) |
IM |
|
|
Xylazine |
3-9 mg/kg |
IM or IV |
|
|
Barbiturates |
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|
Thiopental (Pentothalâ ) |
15-30 mg/kg |
IV (1% solution) given to effect |
minutes |
|
Thiamylal Sodium (Bio-Talâ . Surritalâ Bio-Ceuticâ ) |
15-25 mg/kg |
IV (1% solution) given to effect |
minutes |
|
EMTU (Inactinâ ) |
47.5 mg/kg |
IV to effect |
minutes |
|
Methohexitone |
10 mg/kg |
IV |
minutes |
|
Pertobarbital |
20-60 mg/kg |
IV |
60-180 minutes |
|
Pentobarbital + Guaifenesin |
20 mg/kg 200 mg/kg |
IV IV |
30 minutes (surgery) |
|
Pentobarbital + Ketamine + |
30 mg/kg 10 mg/kg |
IV IM (administered 10 minutes following pentobarbital) |
40-50 minutes |
|
1% lidocane hydrochloride |
local infiltration of surgical incision |
SQ |
|
|
Dissociatives |
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|
Ketamine |
35-50 mg/kg |
IM |
|
|
Ketamine + Xylazine |
10 mg/kg 3 mg/kg |
IV IV |
30 minutes |
|
Ketamine + Xylazine (reverse with Yohimbine) |
35-50 mg/kg 5-10 mg/kg 0.2 mg/kg |
IM IM IV |
30-60 minutes |
|
Acetylpromazine + Ketamine + Xylazine (pre-op with atropine, 0.04 mg/kg IM) |
0.75-1.0 mg/kg 35-40 mg/kg 3-5 mg/kg |
SC IM IM |
75-100 minutes |
|
Ketamine + Acetylpromazine |
75 mg/kg 5 mg/kg |
IM IM (given 30 minutes prior to ketamine) |
not listed |
|
Ketamine + Diazepam |
60-80 mg/kg 5-10 mg/kg |
IM IM (given 30 minutes prior to ketamine) |
not listed |
|
Ketamine + EMTU (Inactinâ ) |
35 mg/kg 25-55 mg/kg |
IM IV to effect |
18-30 minutes |
|
Ketamine + Medetomidine |
25 mg/kg 0.5 mg/kg |
IM SC |
90-180 minutes |
|
Tiletamine + Zolazepam (Telazolâ ) |
32-64 mg/kg |
IM |
95-144 minutes (sedation) |
|
Tiletamine + Zolazepam (Telazolâ ) |
15 mg/kg |
IM (Inject simultaneously but use separate syringes) |
72 minutes |
|
Xylazine |
5 mg/kg |
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|
Neuroleptanalgesics |
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|
Fentanyl-Droperidol |
0.15-0.44 mg/kg |
IM |
30-75 minutes |
|
(Innovar-Vetâ ) |
(0.22 ml/kg is optimal dosage) |
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|
Fentanyl-Fluanisone (Hypnormâ ) |
0.2-0.6 ml/kg |
IM or SC |
15-30 minutes (surgery) up to 4 hours (sedation) |
|
Diazepam + Fentanyl-Fluanisone (Hypnormâ ) |
1.5-5 mg/kg 0.2-0.5 mg/kg (administer Diazepam 5 minutes prior to Hypnormâ ) |
IM, IV or IP IM or SC |
20-45 minutes |
|
Midazolam + Fentanyl-Fluanisone (Hypnormâ ) |
2 mg/kg 0.3 ml/kg (administer Midazolam 5 minutes prior to Hypnormâ ) |
IP or IV IM |
60-120 minutes |
|
Etorphine + Methotrimeprazine (Small Animal Immobilonâ ) |
0.025-0.05 ml/kg |
IM |
sedation up to 240 minutes 60-90 minutes light surgical anesthesia |
|
Diazepam + Etorphine + Methotrimaprazine (Small Animal Immobilonâ ) |
1.0 mg/kg 0.025 ml/kg |
IV or IP IM |
45-70 minutes light surgical anesthesia |
|
Other |
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|
Alphaxalone + Alphadolone (Saffinâ ) |
6-20 mg/kg (optimal dose = 12 mg/kg) |
IV |
8-10 minutes (light surgical anesthesia) |
|
Chloral Hydrate |
250 mg/kg |
IV |
not listed |
|
Chloral Hydrate + Magnesium Sulfate + Pentobarbital + Propylene Glycol (Equi-Thesinâ ) |
0.5-3.0 ml/kg in increments of 0.5 ml |
per rectum |
80-205 minutes (light to surgical anesthesia) |
|
Equi-Thesinâ |
to effect |
IV |
10-85 minutes (light to surgical anesthesia) |
|
Ketamine + Chloral Hydrate |
20 mg/kg 250 mg/kg |
IM IV |
20 minutes |
|
Alpha Chloralose |
100 mg/kg |
IV |
30 minutes |
|
Propofol |
7.5-15 mg/kg |
IV |
4-16 minutes |
|
Guaifenesin |
5% solution in 5% dextrose, given at dosage of 200 mg/kg |
IV |
15 minutes (surgery) |
|
Guaifesin + Ketamine |
200 mg/kg 50 mg/kg |
IV IM |
30-180 minutes |
|
Alpha Chloralose +
Urethane |
32 mmol (10g)/L in saline at dose of 258 umol (80 mg)/kg 400-500 mg/kg (5.61 mmol/kg) in 1 L of saline (2.8 mol/L) |
IV (give after urethane)
slowly IV |
240 minutes |
|
Urethane |
1-1.6 g/kg 1.5 g/kg |
IP IV |
not listed not listed |
|
Urethane + Acetylpromazine |
1-1.30 1 mg/0.46 kg |
IV IM |
13-23 hours of sedation |
|
Paraldehyde |
1 ml/kg |
IM, IP or orally |
3-5 hours (sedation) |
|
Intermittent Bolus or Continuous IV Infusion Regimens |
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|
1. Sedate with fentanyl + droperidol |
.05 mg/kg 2.5 mg/kg |
IM |
|
|
Induce with infusion of fentanyl + droperidol |
2.4 mg 40 mg in 100 ml of 5% dextrose, rate of 15-20 drops (volume of 17 ul/drop) per minute. Maintain with 15 drops/minute |
IV |
up to 6 hours |
|
2. Dilute Hypnormâ 1:10 |
infuse 1-3 |
IV |
1-12 hours |
|
3. Midazolam + Xylazine + Alfentanil |
1 mg/kg 1 mg/kg 0.1 mg/kg |
IV |
60 minutes |
|
4. Sedate with Ketamine + Xylazine |
35 mg/kg 5 mg/kg |
IM IM |
|
|
Maintain with Ketamine + Xylazine or Ketamine + Xylazine |
1 mg/kg 0.1 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 5 mg/kg |
continuous IV infusion 1/3 bolus dose initially, remainder over 4 minutes |
60 minutes |
|
5. Pentobarbital |
40 mg/kg |
1/3 bolus initially over 1 minute, remainder over 4 minutes |
60 minutes |
|
6. Propofol |
sedate with 1.5 mg/kg maintain with 0.2-0.6 mg/kg/min |
IV bolus continuous IV infusion |
up to 40 minutes |
|
7. Althesinâ (Alphaxone + + Alphadolone) |
sedate with 1 mg/kg maintain with 0.1 mg/kg/min |
IV bolus continuous IV infusion |
up to 40 minutes |
|
Inhalants |
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|
Methoxyflurane |
2-3% (induction) 0.5-2% (mainenance) |
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|
Halothane |
3-5% (induction) 0.5-3% (maintenance) |
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|
Isoflurane |
4.5-4% (induction) 2-3.5% (maintenance) |
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|
Nitrous Oxide |
nitrous oxide - oxygen (2:1) as adjunct to halothane or isoflurane (2-4%) |
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* May cause severe nephrotoxicity |
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