|
SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT
Name: Orf
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth.
CHARACTERISTICS: Poxviridae, parapoxvirus, dsDNA (130 kb), ovoid virion, 260 x 160nm, cytoplasmic
replication.
SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Single maculopapular rash or pustular lesion at site of inoculation. Papule is painful
and gradually hardens. Human infections are generally self limiting and resolve after 2 to 4 weeks. Some cases
may progress to regional lymphadenitis, severe cutaneous eruptions or ocular lesions.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Occupational hazard associated with handling sheep or goats.
HOST RANGE: Humans, sheep, goats, domestic camelids and wild ungulates. Human cases resolve without treatment.
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Unknown
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Cutaneous contact with infected animal.
INCUBATION PERIOD: Humans, 3 - 7 days; sheep or goats, 2-3 days.
COMMUNICABILITY: Transfer of infectious agent high when exposed to infected sheep, some accounts of human
to human spread.
SECTION III - DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Sheep, goats, domestic camelids and wild ungulates
ZOONOSIS: Yes
VECTORS: None
SECTION IV - VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Not applicable
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to disinfectants - 1% sodium hypochlorite (20% commercial bleach),
2% glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde.
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Viral antigens destroyed at 100o C.
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Virus remains potent outside host and is resistant to desiccation, can be infective
when dried onto inanimate surface (fomite).
SECTION V - MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms, confirmation by fiistopatholog'cal identification of maculopapular
lesion, isolation of vinis.
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: None; antibiotics utilized only in case of secondary infection.
IMMUNIZATION: None
PROPHYLAXIS: None
SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Laboratory infections are rare. Numerous cases acquired during the vaccination
of sheep with live attenuated animal vaccine.
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Lesion fluid, crust or tissue of infected host.
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Ingestion, parenteral inoculation, droplet or aerosol exposure to mucus membranes or broken
skin with infectious fluids or tissues.
SPECIAL HAZARDS: Virus extremely resistant to desiccation; commercial live attenuated animal vaccine infective
to humans.
SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment equipment and facilities for all activities
involving the manipulation of this virus; primary containment devices and biological safety cabinets are recommended.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat; gloves and gown when working with agent.
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: None
SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing (respirator), gently cover spill with paper
towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite (20% commercial bleach), starting at perimeter and working towards the center;
allow sufficient contact time before clean up (30 min).
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate before disposal; incineration, steam sterilization.
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labeled (in locked level 2 facility).
Information prepared by the Colorado State University Office of Biosafety; June 16, 1998.
|