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SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT
NAME: Pasteurella spp.
SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Pasteurellosis (Pasteurelia multocida), Shipping fever (P. haemolytica), P.
pneumotropica, P. aerogenes, P. sallinavum.
CHARACTERISTICS: Non-spore forming, nonmotile, bipolar, gram negative coccobacilli; aerobic; 1.4 mm by 0.4
mm in size.
SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD
PATHOGENICITY: Localized infection such as cellulitis and abscess; onset less than 24 hours after animal
bite or scratch; progress to osteomyelitis and arthritis in some individuals; less common forms chronic pulmonary
infections, bacteremia and septicemia.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Worldwide; normal flora in many domestic animals (especially cats and dogs); rate of colonization
of animals is higher during the cold seasons.
HOST RANGE: Domestic and wild animals; humans are accidental hosts.
INFECTIOUS DOSE: Not known.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Primarily by animal bite or scratch (especially from cats and dogs); inhalation of
aerosols; wound contamination from infected tissues; mechanical transmission by fleas, flies and cockroaches.
INCUBATION PERIOD: Symptoms less than 24 hours after an animal bite.
COMMUNICABILITY: Communicable during period of active disease.
SECTION III - DISSEMINATION
RESERVOIR: Cats, dogs; wild animals; birds (fowl).
ZOONOSIS: Yes, by animal bite or scratch.
VECTORS: Fleas, flies, cockroaches, mosquitoes.
SECTION IV - VIABILITY
DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Sensitive to penicillin G and its derivatives (ampicillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin),
tetracycline.
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Susceptible to most disinfectants; 1% sodium hypochlorite (20% commercial
bleach), 2% glutaraldehyde, 70% ethanol.
PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Inactivated at 55o C for 15 minutes; unstable at low pH.
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Blood remains infectious for 10 days under ambient conditions-, infectious tissues
survive up to 3 days in sunshine; survives in water at room temperature up to 5 days.
SECTION V - MEDICAL
SURVEILLANCE: Monitor for symptoms.
FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Wound cleaning, debridement and irrigation. Antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanate;
alternatives - penicillin V, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin.
IMMUNIZATION: None available.
PROPHYLAXIS: None.
SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS
LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: Two case were reported associated with laboratory animals up to 1976.
SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Lesion material (exudate and sputum); blood.
PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parental inoculation; exposure to infectious aerosols.
SPECIAL HAZARDS: Naturally and experimentally infected animals pose a risk for laboratory and animal care
personnel.
SECTION VII - RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS
CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Biosafety level 2 practices, containment, equipment and facilities for activities
involving clinical specimens and cultures of all species except P. multocida type B. For P. multocida type B, biosafety
level 3 practices, containment equipment and facilities for activities involving clinical specimens and cultures.
P. multocida type B is very virulent and can cause severe disease in cattle.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Laboratory coat- gloves and gown with ties in the back, tight wrist when working with
infectious materials.
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Heavy protective gloves and face shields to protect from infectious droplets or tissues
fragments.
SECTION VIII - HANDLING INFORMATION
SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle; wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with absorbent paper
towel and apply 1% sodium hypochlorite (20% commercial bleach) starting at the perimeter and working towards center;
allow sufficient contact time (30 min.) before clean up.
DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all wastes before disposal; steam sterilization, chemical disinfection, incineration.
STORAGE: In sealed containers that are appropriately labeled.
Date prepared: October 11, 1997 Prepared by: Canadian Office of Biosafety Information edited by the Colorado State
University Office of Biosafety- June 16, 1998.
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