Keys to Colorado Cicindela
These keys are presented with permission from Michael G. Kippenhan (Kippenhan 1994).
Key to the Genera of adult Cicindelidae occurring in Colorado
1 Eyes proportionally small; forward margins of pronotum at suture not flush; second segment of
maxillary palpi longer than third (Fig. 3) ………………..3
- Eyes proportionally large;
forward margins of pronotum at suture flush; third
segment
of maxillary palpi longer than second (Fig.4)………..…..…Cicindela
2(1) Elytra
with three well developed carina running parallel to elytral suture
(Figs. 15a and 16a); legs, trochanters
and antennae same color as body
…………………………………………………………………….Amblycheila
- Elytra without carina (Fig. 17a); legs, trochanters and antennae much different color than
body……………………………………………………...Megacephala
Species key to Cicindela adults known or expected in Colorado (after Willis 1968)
1 Fore
and middle trochanters without subapical setae; abdomen red brown or testaceous…………..……………………………………….C.
h. haemorrhagica
- Fore and middle trochanters with subapical setae (Fig. 9); abdomen never red
brown or testaceous …………………………………………...………………...2
2(1) Clypeus densely to sparsely
clothed with decumbent setae (Fig. 6)
…………...3
Clypeus glabrous; if setae present then never decumbent (Fig. 7 and 10) ………9
3(2) Prosternum with dense decumbent setae, markings confined to a broad marginal band (Fig.
50a)……………………………………………… C. togata globicollis
- Prosternum
glabrous, markings variable …………………………………..…….4
4(3) Legs and antennae unpigmented; elytral markings broad, almost appearing confluent (Fig. 56a)
……………………………………………………...C.
lepida
- Legs and
antennae pigmented; markings never as above ……………………..…5
5(4) Elytral maculation with basal dot ……………………………………………..…6
- Elytral
maculation without basal dot ……………………………………….……7
6(5) Elytra deeply punctured, shiny ………………………………..……C.
cuprascens
- Elytra
shallowly punctured, dull …………………………………..…C.
m. macra
7(5) First antennomere with decumbent
accessory setae in addition to sensory setae (Fig. 5a) ……………………………………………………...C.
nevadica knausii
- First
antennomere glabrous except for sensory setae (Fig. 5c)
….………………8
8(7) Dorsal coloration dull brown, punctures of elytra of much different color than ground color,
proepisternum entirely copper ………………………..C.
s. sperata
- Dorsal coloration bright blue, green or orange, punctures of elytra same color as ground color,
proepisternum blue to green, sometimes with copper on anterior margin
……………………………………………………………..…C.
marutha
9(2) Frons glabrous or with a cluster of 10 or more setae near front of eyes in addition to supraorbital
setae (Fig. 10) ……………………………………………..……10
- Frons with erect setae over entire surface in addition to supraorbital setae (Fig. 7)
………………………………………………………………………………….20
10(9) With cluster of 10 or more setae near front of eye (in addition to supraorbital setae, Fig.
10)...…………………………………………………………………11
- Frons
glabrous, without cluster of setae (supra orbital setae only)
…………….12
11(10) Head and pronotum of much different color than elytra, elytra impunctate……
……………………………………………………….……………..C.
scutellaris
- Head, pronotum and elytra about same color, elytra punctate…………………
………………………………………………………...…….C.
oregona guttifera
12(10) Labrum long …………………….……………………….……………………..13
Labrum medium to short ………………………………………………………14
13(12) Elytral surface relatively smooth, punctures occurring in discrete fashion with smooth fields
between (Spanton 1988); elytral maculation absent, or with
remnants of middle
band..…………………………………..…….C.
nebraskana
- Elytra with coarse, frequently confluent, granulate punctuation (Spanton 1988); elytral maculation
with well developed middle band (Figs. 19a-c)……………..
…………………………………………………………....C
longilabris laurentii.
14(12) Elytra without microserrations (C. terricola may
have very faint traces).. …..15
- Elytra
with microserrations (Fig. 11) ……………………………………..…..18
15(14) Pronotum parallel sided, sides evenly rounded (Fig. 44a), appendages unpigmented, sometimes
with metallic reflections …………..……C.
cursitans
- Pronotum without above characteristics, appendages pigmented throughout…
……………………………………………………………………………..…16
16(15) First antennomere with 2 sensory setae (Fig. 5c) ……………C. nigrocoerulea
- First
antennomere with 1 sensory setae ………………………..……………17
17(16) Body length greater than 11 mm, punctation of elytra faint to absent in apical third
…………………………………..….…………………………C.
obsoleta
- Body length less than 10 mm, punctation of elytra deep throughout………….
…………………………………………..…………………………C.
terricola
18(14) Elytra with row of large green fovae; markings broken into dots or absent, never with complete
marginal band (Figs. 41a-c) …………………..C.
p. punctulata
-
Elytra never with
fovae, markings with marginal band……………………..19
19(18) Markings consist of broad marginal band, middle band without transverse portion (Fig. 49a), labrum
with three teeth ………………….C. circumpicta
johnsonii
- Markings with narrow marginal band; middle band with complete, well developed transverse
portion, labrum with one tooth ……………………..C.
tenuisgnata
20(9) Genae
without setae (Fig.
10)……………………………………………….21
Genae with setae (Fig. 7) ……………………………………………………25
21(20) Head and
thorax of strikingly different color than elytra ………..C.
scutellaris
-
Head and pronotum same
color may have contrasting margins ………….…22
22(21) Labrum with one tooth; first antennomere with sensory setae only (Fig. 5c); humeral lunule projects
forward (Fig. 23a-c) …………C.
hirticollis shelfordi
- Labrum with three teeth; first antennomere with accessory setae in addition to sensory setae (Fig.
5b); humeral lunule (if present) projects far mesad ……23
23(22) Markings greatly reduced or absent; middle band (if present) represented by “accent mark” (Fig.
36a) …………………………………..….…C.
p. pulchra
-
Markings always complete …………………………………...……………..24
24(23) Elytra
shiny; deeply
punctate…………………………………….C.
f. fulgida
-
Elytra dull; never
deeply punctate …………………………..C.
tranquebarica
25(20) Labrum with
one tooth ………………………………………
……………..26
-
Labrum with three
teeth ………………………………………
……………29
26(25) Humeral lunule connected to elbow of middle band; elytral maculation expanded to be almost
confluent (Figs. 25a-b); distribution restricted to northeast portion of state
……………………………………………………………C. l. limbata
-
Character not as above ………………………………………… ………..27
27(26) Elytral maculation connected by broad marginal band (Figs. 24a-b); distribution restricted to
southcentral portion of state ………………………..C.
theatina
- Elytral maculation not completely connected along margin; if so, then only narrowly
………………………………………………………….……….28
28(27) Front angles of pronotum rounded; humeral lunule complete and connected to marginal band (Figs.
20a-b) ………………………………….…C.
r. repanda
- Front angles of pronotum acute; humeral lunule broken and widely separated from margin; (Fig.
21a) …………………………………C..
duodecimguttata
29(25) Markings
connected by marginal band ……………………………………30
-
Markings not connected by marginal band ……………………………….33
30(29) Humeral lunule
projects far mesad (Figs. 38a-c) …………………C.
l. lengi
- Humeral lunule missing, projects only slightly mesad or obliterated by expanded markings
…………………………………………………………………….31
31(30) Mesepimeron with few or sparse setae, proepisternum almost entirely copper to red
……………………………………………………………………………32
- Mesepimeron with dense setae, proepisternum blue to purple with no copper…
……………………………………………………………………..C.
formosa
32(31) Knee of middle band acute, if rounded then well pronounced (Figs. 32a-e)…….
……………………………………………………………………C.
limbalis
-
Knee of middle band
weakly developed …………………………C.
purpurea
33(29) Elytra of
much different color than head and pronotum …………C.
splendida
- Elytra, head and pronotum about same color, may have contrasting margins….
………………………………………………………………………………34
34(33) Markings always present and well developed; middle band projects far mesad, nearly touching
suture (Fig. 33a) ……………………………..C.
decemnotata
- Markings variable, absent or present; if middle band present, then not projecting far mesad or
approaching suture ………………………………..…………..35
35(34) Dorsal coloration bright green to blue green; elytral maculation reduced or absent (Figs. 26a-c)
……………………………………………………C.
denverensis
- Dorsal coloration brown to red to green; elytral maculation always present; if dorsal coloration is
green, then middle band with well developed foot and complete apical lunule (Figs. 32a-e)
…………………………….C. limbalis