Instructor: Prof. Kathy Hochstetler
Department of Political Science
Clark Bldg. B-341, Fort Collins, CO 80523
970-491-3709

Introduction and expectations:

This course is designed as a research seminar in comparative environmental politics, with an emphasis on some of the enduring issues of the field of comparative politics and their relation to environmental politics. Political institutions, political transition, levels of development, national cultural values, citizens, and international commitments all potentially shape the nature and dynamics of environmental politics, and vice versa. In general, students should be aware that the sub field of comparative environmental politics is a relatively new area of study, which is still being constructed. A large part of our task will be simply to understand theoretically the possible relationships among these issues, although we will also read illustrative empirical studies from around the world. A constant background question is how countries in the "north" compare to countries of the "south" with respect to these relationships. The two prerequisite courses -PO 540, Seminar in Comparative Politics and PO670, Politics of Growth and the Environment -represent the building blocks of our task. Students who lack such preparation should expect to need to do additional reading beyond the basic assignments.

To understand the scope and nature of the sub field, students are expected to thoughtfully read the assigned weekly readings and to come to class prepared to discuss them. Class participation is a significant component of the course grade. In addition, students will prepare 2-3 discussion questions suggested by each week's reading assignments. These are due in the instructor's mailbox (physical or electronic) by 1 p.m. on the day of class, and will be used to facilitate class discussion.

The fundamental goal of this course is for the participants to move beyond an understanding of the sub field as a whole and to engage directly in professional research and writing on a specific research question in comparative environmental politics. Each student is required to initiate an original research project and to develop it through several proposal stages into a completed research paper by the end of the semester. This paper should be at least of the quality of an academic conference paper, and should make both theoretical and empirical contributions to the sub field of comparative environmental politics. Students are required to meet individually with the instructor to discuss the research project during the weeks of September 7 and November 9. As a final part of the research process, each student will select readings related to her/his research question, and lead half a class period of discussion on the topic during the final weeks of the course.

Students are expected to complete assignments and exams as scheduled, except in the case of emergencies and/or prior arrangement with the professor. All assignments must be completed to receive a grade for the course.

SEMESTER SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS

8.24 Course introduction
8.31 Overview: Comparative environmental politics
9.7 Research proposal formulation -individual meetings with KH (no class)
9.14 Do/how do political institutions affect environmental politics?
9.21 Does/how does political transition affect environmental politics?
9.28 Does/how does national policy capacity affect environmental politics?
Paper proposal due, with preliminary bibliography
10.5 Do/how do national cultural values affect environmental politics?
10.12 Do/how do citizens affect environmental politics?
10.19 Do/how do international commitments affect domestic environmental politics?
10.26 Does/how does "sustainable development" affect environmental politics?
Take-home midterm distributed
11.2 Take-home midterm due
11.9 Research -Extended proposal with annotated bibliography
11.16 Research -Individual meetings with KH
Thanksgiving Break (no class 11.23)
11.30 Class-organized session
12.7 Class-organized session
12.14 Research paper due at 5 p.m.

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Participation- 15% official grade
1 p.m. 2-3 discussion questions for 10 class sessions with readings 10%
11.30-12. 71ead discussion of own materials 5%

Research proposal -15% of final grade
9.28 one page topic proposal with preliminary list of sources
11.9 five page research proposal plus annotated bibliography

Research Paper -35% of final grade
12.14 25-30 page research paper

Take-home Midterm -35% of grade

11.2 SEMESTER READINGS LIST

8.31 "Theoretical" Overviews: Comparative Environmental Politics

Lundqvist, L.J. 1978. "The Comparative Study of Environmental Politics: From Garbage to Gold." International Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 12: 89-97.

Kamieniecki, Sheldon and Eliz Sansarian. 1990. "Conducting Comparative Research on
Environmental Policy." Natural Resources Journal, Vol. 30: 321-339.

Heidenheimer, A., et.al. 1990. "Environmental Policy." Comparative Public Policy, 3rd
Ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. 308-344.

Bryant, Raymond L. and Sinead Bailey. 1997. Third World Political Ecology .New York:
Routledge. Introduction, Chapters 1-3, and Conclusion (in bookstore)

9.14 Do/How do political INSTITUTIONS affect environmental politics?

A) Overviews
Lundqvist, Lennart J. 1974. "Do Political Structures Matter in Environmental Politics?"
American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 17, No.5: 731-751.

Albert Weale, Geoffrey Pridham, Andrea Williams, and Martin Porter. 1996.
"Environmental Administration in Six European States: Secular Convergence or National
Distinctiveness?" Public Administration, Vol. 74, No.2: 255-274.

B) Federalism and environmental politics
Rabe, Barry G. 1997. "Power to the States: The Promise and Pitfalls of Decentralization," in Environmental Policy in the 1990s, 3rd Edition, N. Vig and M. Kraft, Eds. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press. 31-52.

May, Peter J. 1995. "Can Cooperation be Mandated? Implementing Intergovernmental
Environmental Management in New South Wales and New Zealand." Publius: The Journal of Federalism, Vol. 25, No.1: 89-113.

Kaimowitz, David, Christian Vallejos, Pable B. Pacheco, and Raul Lopez. 1998. "Municipal Governments and Forest Management in Lowland Bolivia." Journal of Environment and Development, Vol. 7, No.1: 45-59.

C) Corporatism and alternatives
Hatch, Michael T. 1991. "Corporatism, Pluralism and Post-Industrial Politics: Nuclear Energy Policy in West Germany." West European Politics, Vol. 14, No.1: 73-97. (Cont.)

Aguilar, Susana. 1993. "Corporatist and Statist Designs in Environmental Policy: The
Contrasting Roles of Germany and Spain in the European Community Scenario."
Environmental Politics, Vol. 2, No.2: 223-47.

Crepaz, Markus M.L. 1995. "Explaining National Variations of Air Pollution Levels:
Political Institutions and their Impact on Environmental Policy-Making." Environmental
Politics, Vol. 4, No.3: 391-414.

9.21 Does/Row does POLITICAL TRANSITION affect environmental politics?

A) Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union -after Communism
Darst, Robert G. 1997. "The Internationalization of Environmental Protection in the USSR and its Successor States," in The Internationalization of Environmental Protection, M.A. Schreurs and E.C. Economy, Eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 97-133.

Jancar-Webster, Barbara. 1997. "Environmental Degradation and Environmental Politi-cs in the Former Soviet Union," in The Politics of Latin American Environmental Policy in ," International Perspective, G. MacDonald, et.al., Eds. Boulder: Westview Press. 211-236.

Peterson, DJ.. 1995. "Building Bureaucratic Capacity in Russia: Federal and Regional
Responses to the Post-Soviet Environmental Challenge," in Environmental Security and
Quality after Communism, D. DeBardeleben and J. Hannigan, Eds. Boulder: Westview
Press: 107-126.

Hardi, Peter. 1994. "East Central European Policy Making: The Case of the Environment," in Environmental Cooperation in Europe: The Political Dimension, 0. Holl, Ed. Boulder: Westview Press. 177 -20 I.

B) Latin America -after military government
Hochstetler, Kathryn and Stephen Mumme. 1998. "Democracy and the Environment in
Latin America," in Assessing Democracy in Latin America, P. Kelly, Ed. Boulder:
Westview.37-53.

Mumme, Stephen and Edward Korzetz. 1997. "Democratization, Politics, and
Environmental Reform in Latin America," in The Politics of Latin American Environmental Policy in International Perspective, G. MacDonald, et.al., Eds. Boulder: Westview Press. 40-59.

Silva, Eduardo. 1996-97. "Democracy, Market Economics, and Environmental Policy in
Chile." Journal oflnter-American Studies and World Affairs, Vol. 38, No.4: 1-33.

C) Africa -after colonialism and authoritarianism
Swatuk, Larry A. 1997. "Environmental Policy Learning in Southern Africa: Learning the Hard Way," in The Politics of Latin American Environmental Policy in International
Perspective, G. MacDonald, et.al., Eds. Boulder: Westview Press. 185-210.

Munro, William A. 1995. "Building the Post-Colonial State: Villagization and Resource
Management in Zimbabwe." Politics and Society, Vol. 23, No. I: 107-140.

Orie, Kenneth K. 1995. "Kenya: Constitutional Approach to Sustainable Environmental
Management: Experience and Challenge." Environmental Policy and Law, Vol. 25, Nos. Yz: 43-51.

9.28 Does/How does national POLICY CAPACITY affect environmental politics?

Research Proposals due, with preliminary bibliography

Janicke, Martin. 1997. "The Political System's Capacity for Environmental Policy," in
National Environmental Policies: A Comparative Study of Capacity Building, M. Janicke
and H. Weidner, Eds. Berlin: Springer. 1-24.

Ascher, William and Robert Healy. 1990. Natural Resource Policymaking in Developing
Countries, Chs. 2,7,8. Durham: Duke University Press. 17 -29; 159-196.

Janicke, Martin and Helge Jorgens. 1998. "National Environmental Policy Planning in
OECD Countries: Preliminary Lessons from Cross-National Comparisons." Environmental Politics, Vol. 7, No.2: 27-54.

Imura, Hidefumi. 1997. " Japan, " in National Environmental Policies: A Comparative Study of Capacity Building, M. Janicke and H. Weidner, Eds. Berlin: Springer. 73-88.

Silva, Eduardo. 1997. "Chile," in National Environmental Policies: A Comparative Study of Capacity Building, M. Janicke and H. Weidner, Eds. Berlin: Springer. 213-236.

Mao, Yu-shi. 1997. "China," in National Environmental Policies: A Comparative Study of Capacity Building, M. Janicke and H. Weidner, Eds. Berlin: Springer. 237-256.

Reich, Michael R. and B. Bowonder. 1992. "Environmental Policy in India: Strategies for
Better Implementation." Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 20, No.4: 643-661.

Ribot, Jesse C. 1993. "Market-State Relations and Environmental Policy: Limits of State
Capacity in Senegal," in The State and Social Power in Global Environmental Politics, R.
Lipschutz and K. Conca, Eds. New York: Columbia University Press. 24-45.

10.5 Do/How do national CULTURAL VALUES affect environmental politics?

A) Individual environmental values

Inglehart, Ronald. 1981. "Post-Materialism in an Environment ofInsecurity." American
Political Science Review, Vol. 75, No.4: 880-900.

Inglehart, Ronald. 1995. "Public Support for Environmental Protection: Objective Problems and Subjective Values in 43 Societies." PS, Vol. 28, No.1: 57- 71.

Lowe, Phillip D. and Wolfgang Rudig. 1986. "Review Article: Political Ecology and the
Social Sciences: The State of the Art." British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 16:
513-550.

B) National environmental values

Murota, Yasuhiro. 1985. "Culture and the Environment in Japan." Environmental
Management, Vol. 9, No.2: 105-112.
Pierce, John C., et.al. 1987. "Culture, Politics and Mass Publics: Traditional and Modern
Supporters of the New Environmental Paradigm in Japan and the United States." Journalof Politics, Vol. 49, No.1: 54-79.

Peritore, Patrick N. 1993. "Environmental Attitudes of Indian Elites: Changing Western
Postmodernist Models." Asian Survey, Vol. 33, No.8: 804-818.

De-Shalit, Avner and Moti Talias. 1994. "Green or Blue and White? Environmental
Controversies in Israel." Environmental Politics, Vol. 3, No.2: 272-294.

Milbrath, Lester W. 1985. "Culture and the Environment in the United States."
Environmental Management, Vol. 9, No.2: 161-172.

C.) Constructing environmental cultures ?

Breyman, Steve. 1995. "Local Lore and Science: Towards a Sociology of Ecology
Movement Knowledge," in Green Politics Three, E. Riidig, Ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh
University Press. 38-65.

De-Shalit, Avner. 1995. "From the Political to the Objective: The Dialectics of Zionism and the Environment." Environmental Politics, Vol. 4, No.1: 70-87.

Fried, Amy. 1998. "US Environmental Interest Groups and the Promotion of Environmental Values: The Resounding Success and Failure of Earth Day." Environmental Politics, Vol. 7, No.4: 1-22.

Keck, Margaret. 1995. "Social Equity and Environmental Politics in Brazil: Lessons from
the Rubber Tappers of Acre." Comparative Politics, Vol. 27, No.4: 409-424.

10.12 Do/How do CITIZENS affect environmental politics?

A) Citizens: interests and movements
Bryant and Bailey, Chapters 6 and 7: 130-187.

Van der Heijden, Hein-Anton. 1999. "Environmental Movements, Ecological
Modernisation, and Political Opportunity Structures." Environmental Politics, Vol. 8, No.1: 199-221.

Hochstetler, Kathryn. 1997. "The Evolution of the Brazilian Environmental Movement and its Political Roles," in The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America: Rethinking
Participation and Representation, D.A. Chalmers, et.al., Eds. New York: Oxford University Press. 192-216.

Carmin, Joann. 1998. "Voluntary Associations, Professional Organisations and the
Environmental Movement in the United States." Environmental Politics, Vol. 8, No.1:
101-121.
Rucht, Dieter. 1995. "Ecological Protest as Calculated Law-breaking: Greenpeace and Earth First! In Comparative Perspective," in Green Politics Three, W. Riidig, Ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 66-89.

Pellow, David N. 1999. "Negotiation and Confrontation: Environmental Policymaking
Through Consensus." Society and Natural Resources, Vol. 12: 189-203.

B.) Citizens: Countermovements and backlash
Meyer, David S. and Suzanne Staggenborg. 1996. "Movements, Countermovements, and
the Structure of Political Opportunity." American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 101, No.6:
1628-1660.

Rangan, Haripriya. 1997. "From Chipko to Uttaranchal: Development, Environment, and
Social Protest in the Garhwal Himalayas, India." in Liberation Ecologies, R. Peet and M.
Watts, Eds.. London and New York: Routledge. 205-226.

Snow, Donald. 1996. "The Pristine Silence of Leaving it all Alone," in A Wolf in the
Garden: The Land Rights Movement and the New Environmental Debate, P .D. Brick and R. McGreggor Cawley, Eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 27-38.

Kriz, Margaret. 1995. "Land Mine," in Let the People Judge: Wise Use and the Privatt1"
Property Rights Movement, J. Echeverria and R. Booth Eby, Eds. Washington, DC: Is"rand Press. 27-35.

10.19 Do/How do INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS affect domestic environmental politics?

Haas, Peter M. 1998. "Compliance with EU Directives: Insights from International
Relations and Comparative Politics." Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 5, No.1:
17-37.

Economy, Elizabeth C. and Miranda A. Schreurs. 1997. "Domestic and International
Linkages in Environmental Politics," in The Internationalization of Environmental
Protection, E.C. Economy and M.A. Schreurs, Eds. Cambridge, MA; Cambridge University Press. 1-18.

Environmental Policy and Law Forum, Vol. 27, No.4 (1997): 293-309.

A) Case Study: Biodiversity/Forests
Swanson, Timothy. 1999. "Why is There a Biodiversity Convention? The International
Interest in Centralized Development Planning." International Affairs, Vol. 75, No.2:
307-331.

Perrings, Charles and Jon Lovett. 1999. "Policies for Biodiversity Conservation: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa." International Affairs, Vol. 75, No.2: 281-305.

Raustiala, Kal. 1997. "The Domestic Politics of Global Biodiversity Protection in the
United Kingdom and the United States," in The Internationalization of Environmental
Protection, E.C. Economy and M.A. Schreurs, Eds. Cambridge, MA; Cambridge University Press. 42- 73.

Dauvergne, Peter. 1998. "Globalisation and Deforestation in the Asia-Pacific."
Environmental Politics, Vol. 7, No.4: 114-135.

Hocking, Brian. 1996. "The Woods and the Trees: Catalytic Diplomacy and Canada's Trials as a 'Forestry Superpower." Environmental Politics, Vol. 5, No.3: 4480475.

10.26 Does/How does SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT affect environmental politics?

Robinson, Nicholas A. 1997. "Comparative Environmental Law: Evaluating how Legal
Systems Address' Sustainable Development."' Environmental Policy and Law, Vol. 27, No. 4: 338-345.

A)"Sustainable Development" and the North -readings from Environmental Politics, Vol.
6, No.1
O'Riordan, Tim and Heather V oisey .1997. "The Political Economy of Sustainable
Development." 1-23

Sverdrup, Liv Astrid. 1997. "Norway's Institutional Response to Sustainable ;;.
Development." 54-82.

Beuermann, Christiane and Bernhard Burdick. 1997. "The Sustainability Transition in
Germany: Some Early Stage Experiences. " 83-107.

Ribeiro, Teresa a. And Valdemar J. Rodrigues. 1997. "The Evolution of Sustainable
Development Strategies in Portugal." 108-130.

B)"Sustainable Development" and the South
Peet, Richard and Michael Watts. 1996. "Liberation Ecology: Development, Sustainability,
and Environment in an Age of Market Triumphalism," in Liberation Ecologies, R. Peet and
M. Watts, Eds.. London and New York: Routledge. 1-45

Escobar, Arturo. 1996. "Constructing Nature: Elements for a Post-Structural Political
Ecology, " in Liberation Ecologies, R. Peet and M. Watts, Eds. London and New York:
Routledge. 46-68.

Derman, Bill. 1995. "Environmental Naos, Dispossession, and the State: The Ideology and Praxis of African Nature and Development." Human Ecology, Vol. 23, No.2: 199-215.

Sajor, Edsel E. and Babette P. Resurrection. 1998. "Constellations of Power: Philippine
Ecopolitics Reexamined." Alternatives, Vol. 23, No.2: 213-242.

Bryant and Bailey, Ch. 5: 103-129.

Fombad, Charles Manga. 1997. "Cameroon: Overcoming the Legal and Institutional
Challenges to Implementing Cameroon's National Environmental Management Plan."
Environmental Policy and Law, Vol. 27, No.6: 489-498.

Holley, Michael. 1998. "Sustainable Development in Central America: Translating
Regional Environmental Accords into Domestic Enforcement Action. " Ecology Law
Quarterly, Vol. 25, No.1: 89-119.