| Title |
Investigators | Department | Objectives | Approach Keywords | Progress Reports | Impact Statements | Publications | |
Project * COL00753 | |
| Title | Management of spider mite pests in Colorado field corn. |
| Investigator(s) | Peairs, FB; |
| Department | Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Mgmt. |
| Objectives | 1. Develop corn inbreds and hybrids of appropriate maturity for northern Colorado that are resistant to Banks grass mite. 2. Measure grain yield losses on resistant and susceptible hybrids under varying levels of Banks grass mite infestation. 3. Develop management guidelines for mite-resistant hybrids. |
| Approach | Objective 1. 1. Plant inbreds and other germplasm to be evaluated in small plot nurseries at ARDEC and LaSalle. 2. Using established procedures, infest with field-collected mites and evaluate mite damage and within-plant distribution. 3. Advance promising materials for further selection or study. Objective 2. 1. Plant resistant and susceptible hybrids in a split-plot design with hybrids as main plots and three infestation levels (0, 1X, 10X) as subplots. 2. Using established procedures, infest with field-collected mites and evaluate mite damage, within-plant distribution, and per plant abundance. 3. Hand harvest to determine grain yields. Objective 3. 1. Develop mite-yield loss functions using yield data and mite densities generated in Objectives 1 and 2. 2. Compare economic injury levels for the resistant and susceptible hybrids to determine miticide treatment benefits on the former. 3. Use the magnitude of the miticide treatment benefit to determine the value of mite-resistant hybrids for Colorado corn producers. |
| Keywords | Banks grass mite, Plant resistance, Corn spider mites |
| Progress Reports | |
| 1993 | First and second generation European corn borer from eastern Colorado were less susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis than those from an Iowa lab colony for a second year. This is evidence that this insect can develop resistance to this very safe insecticide and to transgenic corn hybrids. Experimental corn hybrids were resistant to Banks grass mite. This resistance, once incorporated into commercial hybrids, could result in $20/acre savings to Colorado corn producers in areas where preventive miticide treatments are necessary. Western bean cutworm pheromone trap catches can now be used to time insecticide treatment in dry beans and corn, and to decide on the need to use insecticides in dry beans. This allows more cost-effective and environmentally sound insecticide use in these crops. Studies are underway to develop similar methods for head-infesting caterpillars in sunflower and for pale western cutworm in dry bean. Data on control of flea beetles in crambe allowed an insecticide label expansion so Colorado producers can control this pest. Similar data were used to support emergency registrations of an insecticide for control of pale western cutworm in small grains and of a miticide for control of spider mites in corn. Measurements were made of yield losses caused by alfalfa weevil, western bean cutworm, European corn borer, western corn rootworm, and Russian wheat aphid. These are use to help Colorado producers make more informed decisions about insecticide use. |
| 1994 | Experimental corn hybrids were again resistant to heavy mite infestations. An experimental inbred developed in this project, 'TAM Mite 1', has been submitted for release by Texas A&M University. Such resistance could save Colorado corn producers ca. $20/ acre miticide costs in outbreak years. Pale western cutworm and army cutworm were identified as limiting factors in dry edible beans produced in conservation tillage, dryland systems in SW CO. Conventional chemical control approaches are inadequate. Sampling and modified insecticide placement studies are planned so growers can comply with soil conservation requirements and still include this crop in their rotations. Methods for rearing western bean cutworm were refined, making it feasible to produce large numbers of this pest for host plant resistance and other studies. Studies of pheromone catches of this pest showed that surrounding crops affect trap catch. This and other information will allow pheromone trap catches to replace in-field scouting of dry edible beans for western bean cutworm. Measurements were made of yield losses caused by European corn borer, western corn rootworm, western bean cutworm and spider mites in corn, alfaflfa weevil, and Russian wheat aphid in wheat and barley. This helps Colorado producers make more informed decisions about insecticide use. |
| 1995 | Objective 1. Generalist predator densities increased temporarily after sucrose sprays, but alfalfa weevil densities and crop yield were not affected. A microbial insecticide containing Beauvaria bassiana did show promising activity against alfalfa weevil. The alternatives tested this year, other than conventional insecticides, do not have the potential to replace carbofuran. Colorado hay producers still lack effective nonchemical alfalfa weevil controls. This need is particularly critical for producers in urbanized area. Objective 2. Spider mite pesticide resistance was measured to better understand the potential for spider mite outbreaks resulting from adult rootworm treatments. Such outbreaks could make the adult management strategy (an approach receiving renewed interest) impractical for some Colorado growers. Objective 3. A experimental corn inbred resistant to spider mites was released in cooperation with Texas A&M. Colorado corn growers rely on 3 miticides that could easily be lost to resistance or regulation in the near future. Objective 4. Crop losses were measure for alfalfa weevil (6.5%), western corn rootworm (28%), Russian wheat aphid (67%), European corn borer and spider mites (39%), spider mites (26%), and the combination of western bean cutworm and European corn borer (22% and 18%). These data are used to help Colorado growers make economically sound pest management decisions and to prioritize pest research. |
| 1996 | Obj.1 Summer alfalfa weevil infestations were found in 7 of 7 Weld County fields but were all subeconomic. Beauvaria bassiana was tested against adult and larval alfalfa weevil and pea aphid under several temperature regimes. Colorado hay producers, especially those in urbanized areas still lack effective nonchemical means of alfalfa weevil management. Obj. 2. Dimethoate LC50s for Banks grass mite on corn in Weld County were similar to those recorded in 1987 and about half as high as those of Prowers County mites, indicating that the pattern of resistance to dimethoate has not changed appreciably in the last decade. Four applications of lambda cyhalothrin did not affect bifenthrin LC50s for Banks grass mite. Obj 3. Crumpacker corn collection was screened unsuccessfully for spider mite resistance. A comparison of three cycles of selection in Maiz Amargo and in a Nebraska heat tolerant population indicated selection progress at a Texas location, but results were inconclusive at the Colorado location due to insufficient mite damage. Obj 4. Crop losses were measure for alfalfa weevil (2.3%), western corn rootworm (9.1%), Russian wheat aphid in spring wheat (10.4 and 22.6%), European corn borer and spider mites (39%), spider mites in winter wheat (15.6%), spider mites in corn (15.8, 12.4, and 6.0%), the combination of Banks grass mite and European corn borer (19.6 and 16.5%), the combination of Banks grass mite, European corn borer and western bean cutworm (9 .1%), and sunflower stem weevil (60.5%). |
| 1997 | This project has focused on management of alfalfa weevil and corn spider mites. Some progress has been made towards finding nonchemical management alternatives for corn spider mites, but chemical control remains the only viable alternative for alfalfa weevil. Two emerging corn pest management issues need to be addressed. The use of genetically modified corn hybrids to control insects is now a reality. Growers need local research information on whether this is a viable approach for our conditions. They also need information on the role that insect management decisions have in precision farming (site-specific agriculture). Objective 1. No progress was made towards this objective. Objective 2. No progress was made towards this objective. Objective 3. Promising lines from the Crumpacker collection of dryland corn varieties were rescreened for mite resistance, in cooperation with Texas A&M University. Several experimental mite-resistant hybrids were also screened. The maturity range of the currently available resistant materials is unacceptable for northern Colorado. It may be necessary to select for earlier resistant types before work can continue in this area. A new miticide, hexythiazox, was tested in both small and commercial corn plots. This is the first potential alternative to propargite and bifenthrin to be tested in several years. Objective 4. Crop losses were measured for alfalfa weevil, western corn rootworm, Russian wheat aphid, and European corn borer. These data are used to help Colorado growers make economically sound pest management decisions and to prioritize pest research. Emerging issues: Fifteen Bt corn hybrids were compared to 15 non-Bt hybrids with and without insecticide treatment, at two eastern Colorado locations. European corn borer activity was greater than normal. Under these pest conditions, the use of Bt corn was as effective as properly scouted and timed insecticide applications for corn borer management. Western bean cutworm and Banks grass mite were not affected by the use of Bt corn. European corn borer, western bean cutworm and western corn rootworm adults were monitored at 365 locations over two center-pivot corn fields at Wiggins, CO. These results are part of a larger precision farming project that attempts to describe the entire production system. Data have been entered into Arcview for GIS analysis and comparison with other data layers collected in the project. These analyses will be used to provide a better understanding of how insect pest data can be incorporated into precision farming decisions. |
| 1998 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and corn spider mites. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. In the 1996-1997 crop year several growers had to treat their `Halt' wheat (resistant to Russian wheat aphid) for brown wheat mite, so there is a possibility that this pest will become an impediment to the adoption of aphid-resistant cultivars. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Two effective miticides are labeled but alternatives need to be developed if long-term IPM approaches are to be implemented. No progress was made toward brown wheat mite objectives due to lack of pest activity. Seeds of several inbreds of appropriate maturity for northern Colorado were obtained. These inbreds will be crossed during the 1998 - 1999 winter with two sources of spider mite resistance. Additionally the possible hybrid combinations will be generated. Inbreds will be selfed and screened for mite resistance and maturity at Fort Collins. Hybrids will be evaluated for yield and adaptation at the same time. This process will result eventually in mite-resistant corn hybrids that can be used to develop nonchemical management approaches. Emerging issues Bt corn hybrids again were compared to non-Bt hybrids with and without insecticide treatment, at two eastern Colorado locations, with results similar to previous studies. The use of Bt corn was as effective as properly scouted and timed insecticide applications for corn borer management. Western bean cutworm and Banks grass mite were not affected by the use of Bt corn. European corn borer and western bean cutworm adults again were monitored with pheromone traps at 365 locations over two center-pivot corn fields at Wiggins, CO as part of a larger precision farming project that attempts to describe the entire production system. Trap catches were spatially variable, with European corn borer distribution seemingly influenced by the types of vegetation adjacent to the study fields. These studies may lead to site-specific management of these pests with fewer chemical inputs. |
| 1999 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn. In addition, some effort is devoted to the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were active in 1999. Unexpectedly good survival was noted during a very wet (6" of rain) April. In spite of high mite densities (8 per cm2) yield effects were not observed. Dimethoate provided effective control, although optimal timing and frequency of applications are not yet clear. Several ovipositional substrates were tested as part of the development of mass rearing methods. Sponge and lava rock were preferred substrates and could be used both in mass rearing and infestation. Three candidate hybrids were tested for adaptation to northern Colorado. One was selected for development of spider mite resistance. Crosses of the parent inbreds with two sources of mite resistance were selfed and selected for maturity and mite resistance. Progeny of these will be crossed again with parent inbreds this winter. Progeny will be reselected this summer. This process will result eventually in mite-resistant corn hybrids that can be used to develop nonchemical management approaches. European corn borer and western bean cutworm adult trap catch, egg masses per plant and larvae per plant were determined. Twenty-five pairs of samples per field were collected in Fields 6 and 7 at Wiggins, with one member of each sample pair having European corn borer and western bean cutworm pheromone traps operated in a manner similar to previous seasons. Pheromone trap catches were counted weekly to assess adult populations. Egg mass and larval data were collected from 10 consecutive plants in each of four directions from the trap or from a fixed point in the trapless sample of each pair. Each of the following was recorded once during the season: western bean cutworm egg masses per plant; plants with European corn borer "shot hole" damage; European corn borer egg masses per plant; and number and location of European corn borer larvae and pupae per plant. European corn borer and western bean cutworm counts were too low for accurate comparisons between adult pheromone trap catches and egg mass and larval counts |
| 2000 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn. In addition, some effort is devoted to the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were active in 2000. Yield effects were difficult to document because of associated drought and Russian wheat aphid infestations. Dimethoate provided effective control for a second year, although timing and frequency of applications to maximize yield benefits are not yet clear. Brown wheat mites were successfully reared on wheat plants in a growth chamber. Enough mites were produced to make controlled infestations in a field study. Production of diapausing (white) eggs has not been a problem in the laboratory colony to date. Backcrosses of the parent corn inbreds (A554 and CM105) with two sources of mite resistance (TAM Mite 1 and TAM Mite 3), excluding TAM Mite 1 x A554, were selfed and selected for maturity and mite resistance. The second backcross of these and a second attempt at the initial TAM Mite 1 x A554 cross will be made this winter. Selfing and evaluation will continue this summer. This process will result eventually in adapted mite-resistant corn hybrids that can be used to develop nonchemical management approaches. European corn borer and western bean cutworm adult trap catch, egg masses per plant and larvae per plant were determined for a second season. Insect activity was again too low to draw any meaningful conclusions. Analysis of two earlier data sets indicated that trap catch was related to distance from field edge and, in the case of European corn borer, the proximity of neighboring corn fields. |
| 2001 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn. In addition, some effort is devoted to the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were less active in 2001 than in the previous year. Yield effects were not noted because of our inadequate ability to control infestation densities. Mite showed a propensity to congregate and to lay eggs on vertical wooden stakes in the field. It may be possible to develop sampling and monitoring methods that take advantage of this behavior. Production of diapausing (white) eggs terminated a thriving growth chamber colony for no apparent reason. The inability to mass rear this mite remains the most significant obstacle to developing an effective field research program. Backcrosses of the parent corn inbreds (A554 and CM105) with two sources of mite resistance (TAM Mite 1 and TAM Mite 3), were selfed and selected for maturity and mite resistance. TAM Mite 1 x CM105 and TAM Mite 3 x A554 will undergo the 4th backcross this winter, while TAM Mite 3 x CM105 and TAM Mite 1 x A554 will undergo their 2nd and 3rd backcross, respectively. Families selected this summer averaged resistance scores of 2 or 3, while the local hybrid scored an 8 or 9, on a 1-10 scale. Plant infesting stages of Banks grass mite, European corn borer, western bean cutworm and western corn rootworm were sampled weekly during the growing season in three productivity-defined management zones at two locations. Yields were taken from insecticide-protected and unprotected plants to determine treatment benefit by management zone. Since pest densities were generally low it is unlikely that insecticide treatment benefits will be of much significance for the 2001 growing season. |
| 2002 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn, and on the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were less active in 2001 and 2002 than in several previous years. No research progress was made because of the drought. Limitations to useful pest management research remain (1) inability to mass rear brown wheat mite; (2) inability to establish controlled infestation in field plots; and (3) lack of practical and efficient sampling and monitoring techniques. Backcrosses of the parent corn inbreds (A554 and CM105) with two sources of mite resistance (TAM Mite 1 and TAM Mite 3), were selfed and selected for maturity and mite resistance. We were unable to establish damaging mite in the breeding nursery, likely because of the drought. Selfs were made but not selected for mite resistance and will be selfed again this winter. Plant infesting stages of Banks grass mite, European corn borer, western bean cutworm and western corn rootworm were sampled weekly during the growing season in three productivity-defined management zones at two locations. In addition, management zones were established at ARDEC. Western corn rootworm larvae were more abundant and damaging in the high productivity zone at all three locations. Survival of artificially infested European corn borer larvae was better in the high productivity zone. This is our first evidence of corn pest abundance differing by management zone and that pest management decisions might vary by zone. |
| 2003 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn, and on the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were less active in 2001 and 2002 than in several previous years. No research progress was made because of the drought. Limitations to useful pest management research remain (1) inability to mass rear brown wheat mite; (2) inability to establish controlled infestation in field plots; and (3) lack of practical and efficient sampling and monitoring techniques. Backcrosses of the parent corn inbreds (A554 and CM105) with two sources of mite resistance (TAM Mite 1 and TAM Mite 3), were selfed and selected for maturity and mite resistance. 340 inbreds representing the four parent line/resistance source combinations were evaluated for mite resistance at two locations. Of these, 59 were saved for further selfing as well as topcrossing for initial yield evaluations this winter. Plant infesting stages of Banks grass mite, European corn borer, western bean cutworm and western corn rootworm were sampled weekly during the growing season in three productivity-defined management zones at one location. In addition, plants in three management zones at ARDEC were infested with Banks grass mite, European corn borer and western corn rootworm. Banks grass mite, European corn borer and western corn rootworm larvae were more abundant and damaging in the high productivity zone at ARDEC, as was observed in 2002 in all situations in which there was sufficient pest abundance to assess. This further strengthens our evidence of corn pest abundance differing by management zone and that pest management decisions might vary by zone. |
| 2004 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn, and on the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were more active in 2003 - 2004 than in several previous years, which allowed one yield loss assessment. Averaged over cultivars and cropping system, yields were reduced 43% by brown wheat mite. While yields were extremely low in this experiment (10.2 bu/acre), miticide treatment was cost-effective. Limitations to useful pest management research remain (1) inability to mass rear brown wheat mite; (2) inability to establish controlled infestation in field plots; and (3) lack of practical and efficient sampling and monitoring techniques. Fifty eight inbreds resulting from crosses of A554 and CM105 with two sources of mite resistance (TAM Mite 1 and TAM Mite 3), as well as 17 lines from Texas were evaluated at two locations for resistance to Banks grass mite. Sixteen lines were retained, mostly from the S1 x A554 group. In addition, a Syngenta inbred, appearing to have a unique source of resistance, was identified as a potential new recurrent parent. Plants with varying levels of N and water within in three productivity-defined management zones at ARDEC were infested with Banks grass mite, European corn borer, western bean cutworm, and western corn rootworm. All four pests tended to be more abundant in the higher productivity zones. Interactions with N and water have yet to be analyzed. This further strengthens our evidence of corn pest abundance differing by management zone and that pest management decisions might vary by zone. |
| 2005 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn, and on the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were less abundant than in the 2004 crop year, due to moist spring weather. Limitations to useful pest management research remain (1) inability to mass rear brown wheat mite; (2) inability to establish controlled infestation in field plots; and (3) lack of practical and efficient sampling and monitoring techniques. Thirty inbreds resulting from crosses of A554 and CM105 with two sources of mite resistance (TAM Mite 1 and TAM Mite 3), as well as 13 lines from Texas were evaluated at two locations for resistance to Banks grass mite. Mite abundance LaSalle was much greater than either 2004 location. Only of the 30 Colorado lines, both with S3xCM105 backgrounds appeared resistant under the conditions. Several of the Texas lines were rated as resistant, although resistance and maturity may be confounded. The Syngenta inbred identified as resistant in 2004 again was as resistant as any of the experimental lines. Resistant experimental hybrids will be available for testing in 2006. Plants in three productivity-defined management zones at ARDEC were infested with three levels of Banks grass mite, European corn borer, and western bean cutworm to determine if yield loss relationships differ across zones. Previous studies indicated that corn pest abundance differed across management zones. If yield loss relationships differ as well, then separate economic injury levels for each management zone would be required for pest management decisions. |
| 2006 | This project focuses on management of brown wheat mite in winter wheat and Banks grass mite in corn, and on the emerging issue of precision agriculture through research on the spatial and temporal distribution of corn pest damage. Producers are interested in the potential efficiencies offered by precision agriculture, but need more information on pest sampling efficiency, costs and site-specific management options. Wheat producers in the southeastern Colorado consider brown wheat mite to be an emerging pest problem. Banks grass mite is the most widespread and difficult to manage of the arthropod pests attacking corn in Colorado. In spite of its long history of developing resistance to miticides, chemical control remains the only viable management tactic. Brown wheat mites were much more abundant in 2006 than in the 2005 crop year, due to extremely dry spring weather. Limitations to useful pest management research remain (1) inability to mass rear brown wheat mite; (2) inability to establish controlled infestation in field plots; and (3) lack of practical and efficient sampling and monitoring techniques. An experimental corn hybrid containing a Syngenta inbred identified as being resistant to Banks grass mite was tested at ARDEC under several levels of infestation. Yield differences between the susceptible and resistant hybrids were not detected due perhaps to lack of late season mite activity, predation, insufficient control in the zero infestation level, or a combination of these problems. One recently registered miticide and two unregistered miticides with new active ingredients were tested for efficacy against Banks grass mite. Oberon, which is now registered on corn, performed comparably to Comite, and Acramite and Zeal showed promise as new alternatives to Comite. Plants in three productivity-defined management zones at ARDEC were infested again with three levels of Banks grass mite, European corn borer, and western bean cutworm to determine if yield loss relationships differ across zones. Extremely dry conditions and irrigation problems have made it difficult to obtain clear results from these studies. Previous studies indicated that corn pest abundance differed across management zones. If yield loss relationships differ as well, then separate economic injury levels for each management zone would be required for pest management decisions. |
| Impact | |
| 1999 | We need to raise brown wheat mites in large quantities if we are to develop resistant wheats. Improved mite management also depends on knowing its impact on wheat yield. Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Cheaper sampling methods would allow growers to reduce pesticide use through precision agriculture technology. |
| 2000 | We need to raise brown wheat mites in large quantities if we are to develop resistant wheats. Improved mite management also depends on knowing its impact on wheat yield. Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Cheaper sampling methods would allow growers to reduce pesticide use through precision agriculture technology. |
| 2001 | We need to raise brown wheat mites in large quantities if we are to measure yield effects and screen wheat for resistance. Proper mite management decisions also depend on simple, accurate sampling methods, which may be developed from the wooden stake method. Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Pest management decisions made on a management zone basis, as defined through precision agriculture technology, rather than the entire field can lead to cost savings through reduced or more efficient pesticide use. |
| 2002 | Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Pest management decisions made on a management zone basis, as defined through precision agriculture technology, rather than the entire field can lead to cost savings through reduced or more efficient pesticide use. |
| 2003 | We need to raise brown wheat mites in large quantities if we are to measure yield effects and screen wheat for resistance. Proper mite management decisions also depend on simple, accurate sampling methods, which may be developed from the wooden stake method. Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Pest management decisions made on a management zone basis, as defined through precision agriculture technology, rather than the entire field can lead to cost savings through reduced or more efficient pesticide use. |
| 2004 | Practical and efficient sampling of brown wheat mite would greatly facilitate effective management. Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Pest management decisions made on a management zone basis, as defined through precision agriculture technology, rather than the entire field can lead to cost savings through reduced or more efficient pesticide use. |
| 2005 | We need to raise brown wheat mites in large quantities if we are to measure yield effects and screen wheat for resistance. Proper brown wheat mite management decisions also depend on simple, accurate sampling methods, which may be developed from the wooden stake method. Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Pest management decisions made on a management zone basis, as defined through precision agriculture technology, rather than the entire field can lead to cost savings through reduced or more efficient pesticide use. |
| 2006 | We need to raise brown wheat mites in large quantities if we are to measure yield effects and screen wheat for resistance. Proper brown wheat mite management decisions also depend on simple, accurate sampling methods, which may be developed from the wooden stake method or from a newly developed suction sampler which is much less expensive that the one used to date. Corn hybrids resistant to Banks grass mite would provide growers a long-term, less costly solution to this perennial pest problem. Comite was the only registered preventive corn miticide for many years, until the registration of Oberon. The latter appears to be highly effective, greatly reducing concerns regarding resistance development. Pest management decisions made on a management zone basis, as defined through precision agriculture technology, rather than the entire field can lead to cost savings through reduced or more efficient pesticide use. |
| Publications | |
| 1993 |
HAMMON, R. & F.B. PEAIRS. 1993. Control of wheat curl mite. Insecticide and Acaricide Tests. Vol 18. PEAIRS, F.B. & S.D. PILCHER. 1993. 1993 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. Colorad o State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. LTB93-3, 46 pp. PEAIRS, F.B., B.C. KONDRATIEFF, R. MEYER, D. BALTENSPERGER, J. KRALL, R. CROISSANT, & M. VANGESSEL. 1993. High Plains Su nflower Production and IPM. Colorado State University Cooper ative Extension Bulletin 556A, 29 pp. PEAIRS, F.B., G.K. BECK, W.M. BROWN, H.F. SCHWARTZ, & P. WES TRA. 1993. 1993 Colorado Pesticide Guide: Field Crops. Color ado State University Cooperative Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station Bull. XCM-45, 95 pp. |
| 1994 |
BLODGETT, S. ET AL. 1994. Sunflower insect pests in Eastern Colorado. pp 159- 61 IN B. Bohmont , ED. Proc. 23rd Annual Crop Prot. Conf., Fort Collins, CO DOYLE, M. 1994. Pheromone trapping and laboratory rearing of western bean cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). MS Thesis, Colorado State University HIBBARD, B. ET AL. 1995. Germinating corn extracts and MBOA (6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinine): western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) Larval attractants evaluated with soil insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol (IN PRESS) PEAIRS, F. 1994. Field Crop Insect Management - 1994. pp 128-35 IN B. Bohmont, Ed. Proc. 24th Ann. Colorado Crop Prot. Inst., Fort Collins, CO PEAIRS, F. 1994. Western Corn Rootworm adult management and pollinator protection. pp 152-55 IN B. Bohmont, Ed. Proc. 23rd Annual Colorado Crop Prot. Inst. Fort Collins, CO |
| 1995 |
HIBBARD, B., F. PEAIRS, S. PILCHER, M. SCHROEDER, D. JEWETT, & L. BJOSTAD. 1995. Germinating corn extracts and MBOA: Western corn rootworm larval attractants evaluated with soil insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 88: 716-24 KINNEY, K.K. & F.B. PEAIRS. 1995. Insecticide evaluation and alternative management strategies for insect pests of alfalfa. In B. Bohmont, ed. Proc. 25th Colorado Crop Protection Institute. 9-10 Nov. 1995, Fort Collins, CO MEYER, R., S. PILCHER & F. PEAIRS. 1995. High Plains sunflower planting dates. Proc. 1995 Sunflower Research Forum, 12-13 Jan. 1995, Fargo, ND PEAIRS, F.B. & S. PILCHER. 1995. n1994 Field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. CSU Ag. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. LTB95-1, 67pp PEAIRS, F.B. 1995. Biology and management of western corn rootworm. In B. Bohmont, ed. Proc. 25th Colorado Crop Protection Institute. 9-10 Nov. 1995, Fort Collins, CO |
| 1998 |
Archer, T. L., F. B. Peairs, & J. A. Mihm. 1997. Mechanisms and bases of resistance in maize to mites. In J. A. Mihm (ed.) Insect Resistant Maize: Recent Advances and Utilization; Proceedings of an International Symposium held at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 27 Nov.-3 Dec. 1994. Mexico D.F.: CIMMYT pp. 101-105 Donohue, J. D., M. J. Brewer, F. B. Peairs, & G. L. Hein (eds). 1998. High Plains Integrated Pest Management Guide for Colorado-Western Nebraska-Wyoming. Bull. No. 564A. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Peairs, F. B. 1998. Common fall pests in Colorado winter wheat. Pp. 13 in, J. Johnson, ed. Making better decisions: 1997 Colorado wheat variety performance trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Rep. TR98-5, 24 pp |
| 1999 |
D. F. Heermann, J. Hoeting, H. R. Duke, D. G. Westfall, G. W. Buchleiter, P. Westra, F. B. Peairs & K. Fleming. 1999. Interdisciplinary irrigated precision farming research. P. 121 - 130 in, J. V. Stafford, ed. Precision Agriculture `99. Sheffield Academic Press Peairs, F. B. & T. L. Archer. 1999. Spider mites. P. 104 - 106 in, Steffey, K. L., M. E. Rice, J. All, D. A. Andow, M. E. Gray & J. W. Van Duyn, eds. Handbook of Corn Insects. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD Schwartz, H. F. & F. B. Peairs. 1999. Integrated pest management. P. 371 - 388 in, Singh, S. P ., ed. Common Bean Improvement in the Twenty-First Century. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands Walters, S. M. & F. B. Peairs. 1999. Spatial variability of trap catches of three insect pests in sprinkler irrigated maize in eastern Colorado, USA. P. 229 - 238 in, J. V. Stafford, ed. Precision Agriculture `99. Sheffield Academic Press |
| 2000 |
D. F. Heermann, J. Hoeting, H. R. Duke, D. G. Westfall, G. W. Buchleiter, P. Westra, F. B. Peairs & K. Fleming. 2000. Irrigated precision farming for corn production. Proceedings, Second International Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry Conference. Lake Buena Vista, FL, 10 - 12 January. Heermann, D. F., H. R. Duke, G. W. Buchleiter, D. G. Westfall, K. Fleming, D. B. Bosley, P. Westra and F. B. Peairs. 2000. Multidisciplinary study of irrigated precision farming. In P. C . Roberts, R. H. Rust, & W. E. Larson, eds. Proc. 5th International Conference On Precision Agriculture. Amer. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI. Walters, S. M. F. B. Peairs & S. D. Pilcher. 2000. 1999 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. LTB00-1, 55 pp. |
| 2001 |
Peairs, F. B. 2001. Three mites that affect Colorado wheat. Pp. 18 in, J. Johnson, ed. Making better decisions: 2000 Colorado wheat variety performance trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Rep. TR01-4, 19 pp. Walter, S. 2001. Sampling patterns and spatial variability of three insect pests in sprinkler irrigated corn in eastern Colorado. M. S. Thesis, Colorado State University. Walters, S. M., F. B. Peairs & A. Gebre-Amlak. 2001. 2001 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull . LTB01-2, 38 pp. Walters, S. M., F. B. Peairs & A. Gebre-Amlak. 2001. 2000 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull . LTB01-1, 46 pp. |
| 2002 |
Guse, C. A., D. W. Onstad, L. L. Buschman, P. Porter, R. A. Higgins, P. E. Sloderbeck, G. B. Cronholm, and F. B. Peairs. 2002. Modeling the development of resistance by stalk-boring Lepidoptera (Crambidae) in areas with irrigated transgenic corn. Environ. Entomol. 31: 676 - 85. Heermann, D. F., J. Hoeting, S. E. Thompson, H. R. Duke, D. G. Westfall, G. W. Buchleiter, P. Westra, F. B. Peairs & K. Fleming. 2002. Interdisciplinary irrigated precision farming research. Precision Agriculture 3: 47 - 61. Onstad, D. W., C. A. Guse, P. Porter, L. L. Buschman, R. A. Higgins, P. E. Sloderbeck, F. B. Peairs and G. B. Cronholm. 2002. Modeling the development of resistance by stalk-boring lepidopteran insects (Crambidae) in areas with transgenic corn and frequent insecticide use. J . Econ. Entomol. 95: 1033 - 43. |
| 2003 |
Walters, S. M., F. B. Peairs & A. Gebre-Amlak. 2003. 2002 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull . LTB03-2, 45 pp. |
| 2004 |
Davidson, S. 2003. Influence of site-specific management zones on arthropod pests of irrigated corn in northeastern Colorado. M. S. Thesis, Colorado State University. Hein, G. L. and Peairs,F. B. 2004. Insect management. Pp. 93 - 108 in Schwartz,H., Brick,M., Harveson,R. and Franc,G. Dry bean production and integrated pest management. 2nd Ed. Colorado State University, University of Nebraska, University of Wyoming Regional Publication. Fort Collins, CO. |
| 2005 |
Gebre-Amlak, A., Michaud, J.P., Peairs, F.B., Hein, G.L., Sloderbeck, P.E., and Higgins, R.A. 2005. Insect pest identification and control. Pp. 16 - 23 in R. Meyer et al., eds. High Plains Sunflower Production Handbook. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. Peairs, F.B., Bean, B., and Gossen, B.D. 2005. Pest management implications of reduced fallow periods in dryland cropping systems in the Great Plains. Agron. J. 97:373-377. Rudolph, J.B., Randolph, T.L., Walters, S.M., Peairs, F.B., and Gebre-Amlak, A. 2005. 2004 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Rep. TR03-01, 43 pp. |
| 2006 |
Anderson, R. L., K. L. Bailey, and F. B. Peairs. 2006. Guidelines for integrating ecological principles of pest management with rotation design. Pp. 195-225 in, Peterson, G.A., P. W. Unger, and W. A. Payne, eds. Dryland Agriculture, Agronomy Monograph No. 23. 2nd Ed. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. Lanier, W. T., M. J. Brewer, F. B. Peairs, G. L. Hein, H. F. Schwartz, J. B. Campbell, and S. Blodgett. 2006. Development and assessment of an on-line High Plains Integrated Pest Management Guide for a regional audience. American Entomologist 52: 30 - 35. Peairs, F. B., J. B. Rudolph, J. B., T. L. Randolph, S. M. Walters, and A. Gebre-Amlak. 2006. 2005 Colorado field crop insect management research and demonstration trials. Colorado State Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Rep. TR06-05, 30 pp. |