| Title |
Investigators | Department | Objectives | Approach Keywords | Progress Reports | Impact Statements | Publications | |
Project * COL00672 | |
| Title | Crops and Cropping Systems in Western Colorado for Traditional/Alternative and Industrial/Bioenergy Uses |
| Investigator(s) | Pearson, CH; |
| Department | Soil and Crop Sciences |
| Objectives | 1) Evaluate, develop, and integrate traditional/alternative and industrial/bioenergy crops and cropping systems into the agriculture of western Colorado. 2) Develop linkages, partnerships, and multi-disciplinary collaborations with researchers at CSU and at other universities, institutions, private industry, and organizations who are conducting agronomic, marketing, processing technology, feasibility and market potential studies, and product development research on traditional/alternative and industrial/bioenergy crops and cropping systems that may be of value to Colorado. 3) Monitor and identify pest and disease issues/problems in traditional/alternative and industrial/bioenergy crops and cropping systems for Colorado and develop measures to understand and control insect, disease, weed, and other related agricultural production problems. 4) Conduct applied research on traditional crops grown in western and northwestern Colorado that are a basis to complement and support traditional/alternative and industrial/bioenergy crops and cropping systems. Applied research will include, but may not be limited to, cultivar performance tests in crops such as corn, alfalfa, pasture grasses, dry bean, sunflower, canola, and small grains; soil fertility studies; tillage; irrigation; contemporary agronomic problems (blunt ear syndrome in corn) and issues, and agricultural product evaluation. 5) Communicate the findings of this research project to broad audiences including scientific and agricultural groups and organizations; governmental agencies; private industry; service organizations; and policymakers using a diversity of technical and popular media in written, oral, and electronic forms. |
| Approach | The objectives of this research project will be addressed through experimentation under field conditions in western and northwestern Colorado, in greenhouse conditions, and controlled laboratory environments. The following general procedures will be used to achieve the objectives: 1. Identify, introduce, evaluate, and integrate traditional/alternative and industrial/bioenergy crops and cropping systems. Conduct agronomic research to determine production potential and constraints using field testing, greenhouse, and controlled environments. Perform field testing using farmer-cooperators as warranted. Alternative and industrial/bioenergy crops and cropping systems are of primary interest in this research project and will target plant species such as specialty crop plants such as nuna beans; living mulches; sunflower as an industrial crop, and other non-feed, non-food crops, and others. 2. Partner and coordinate research activities with other scientists at the Western Colorado Research Center and at other research centers in Colorado, faculty on campus at CSU and at other institutions, personnel with Cooperative Extension, professionals in private industry, and others. Involvement of private industry is essential to successful production of many new/alternative crops. Identifying and including private industry as early as possible in the research process will be a high priority of this research project. 3. Use accepted statistical procedures in research protocols and analyses of data. Plots sizes, treatments, replications, and randomization will be used that are appropriate for the experimental material and conditions. 4. Identify and use appropriate treatments and procedures to test developed hypotheses. Treatments may include plant/crop species, cultivars, plant suppressions, fertilizers, tillage, irrigation , etc. 5. Consider market potentials, production constraints, post-harvest handling, co- and by-product utilization, partners for processing and manufacturing, and regulatory and environmental considerations. 6. Conduct crop enterprise budget analysis and costing analysis of processing and product development as warranted. 7. Prepare publications, field days and tours, and poster and Powerpoint presentations for appropriate outlets and audiences. |
| Keywords | Industrial crops, Bioenergy, Alternative crops, Alternative cropping systems, New crops, Living mulches, natural rubber, blunt ear syndrome, canola, sunflower, nuna beans, malting barley, corn variety performance testing, alfalfa cultivar trials |
| Progress Reports | |
| 1993 | This project includes research to develop integrated crop production and soil management systems for agriculture in western Colorado. Experiments conducted include cultivar performance tests for wheat, barley, oat, corn grain and forage, alfalfa, dry bean, and new and alternate crops. These studies are conducted regularly and the results are published periodically as experiment station technical reports. Alfalfa germplasm is being evaluated to identify resistance to the alfalfa stem nematode. Research and demonstration studies are being conducted with conservation tillage under furrow irrigation on dry bean following corn, winter wheat following corn silage, and corn following alfalfa. Corn blunt ear syndrome continued to occur sporadically around the U.S. Field research was conducted in 1993 in cooperation with Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l to identify hybrids that have resistance to blunt ear syndrome. Other studies conducted during 1993 included nitrogen fertility of sweet corn, potential for seed production of sugar beets in western Colorado, performance of malt barley varieties in western Colorado, double-cropping dry bean after winter barley, and integrated management techniques for Russian wheat aphid. Two IPM studies were initiated in 1993. One focuses on the influence of tillage on pale western cutworm populations in SW Colorado, and the other is designed to evaluate the impact of irrigation, pesticides, and varietal resistance on alfalfa pests. |
| 1994 | The objective of this project is to develop sustainable soil management andcropping systems for agriculture in western CO. Experiments conducted in1994 include cultivar performance tests for wheat, barley, oat, corn grain andforage, alfalfa, dry bean, and new and alternate crops. These studies areconducted regularly and the results are published as experiment stationtechnical reports. Native and improved native species of grasses, legumes,shrubs, and trees are being evaluated for use in diverse applications inwestern Colorado. Alfalfa germplasm is being evaluated to identify resistanceto the alfalfa stem nematode. Research and demonstration studies are beingconducted with conservation tillage under furrow irrigation on dry beanfollowing corn, winter wheat following corn silage, and corn following alfalfa.Field research was conducted in 1994 in cooperation with Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'lto identify hybrids that have resistance to blunt ear syndrome. Other studiesconducted during 1994 included nitrogen fertilization of sweet corn, potentialfor seed production of sugar beets in western CO, performance of maltbarley varieties in western CO, and integrated management techniques forRussian wheat aphid. Insecticide efficacy trials were conducted on alfalfainsects and corn spider mites in the Grand Valley and cutworms in winter wheatand dry beans in San Miguel County. The impact of winter wheat planting dateand volunteer management on viral diseases is also being investigated. |
| 1995 | The objective of this project is to develop sustainable soil management and cropping systems for western CO. agriculture. Experiments conducted in 1995 included cultivar performance tests for wheat, barley, oat, corn grain and forage, alfalfa, dry bean, pasture grass, and edamame soybean. Native and improved native species of grasses, legumes, shrubs, and trees are being evaluated for use in diverse applications in western CO. Alfalfa germplasm is being evaluated to identify resistance to the alfalfa stem nematode. Research and demonstration studies are being conducted with conservation tillage under furrow irrigation on dry bean following corn, and in a winter wheat/corn rotation. Field research was conducted in 1995 in cooperation with Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l to identify hybrids that have resistance to blunt ear syndrome. A malt barley cultivar performance test was conducted in 1995 in cooperation with Coors Brewing Company. Integrated management techniques for Russian wheat aphid were conducted in 1995. An insecticide efficacy trial was conducted on corn spider mites in the Grand Valley. The impact of winter wheat planting date and volunteer management on viral diseases is also being investigated. The impacts of our efforts are reflected by the numerous people who request information and counsel; by our talks and presentations; requests for copies of our research papers and seeing local producers use technology we have developed. |
| 1996 | The objective of this project is to develop sustainable soil management and cropping systems for western Colorado agriculture. Experiments conducted in 1996 included cultivar performance tests for wheat, malting barley, corn grain and forage, alfalfa, dry bean, and pasture grass. Native and improved native species of grasses, legumes, shrubs, and trees are being evaluated for use in diverse applications in western Colorado. Alfalfa germplasm is being evaluated to identify resistance to alfalfa stem nematodes. A nitrogen rate and timing study is being conducted with conservation tillage under furrow irrigation in a winter wheat/corn rotation. Experiments investigating the effect of Russian wheat aphid on spring wheat varieties were conducted. Screening of insecticide efficacy against spider mites in sweet corn was done in the Uncompaghre and Grand Valleys in 1996. Investigations in the biology and management of alfalfa stem nematode are continuing. As one of three AES Research Centers in the Northwest Region (14 counties) of Colorado the Fruita Research Center provides agronomic technical assistance to a farm production that was valued at nearly $70 million and an entire agricultural industry of the region that was valued at more than $250 million in 1992. |
| 1997 | The objective of this project is to develop sustainable soil management and cropping systems for agriculture in western Colorado. This project is an aggregation of several investigations on several crops and is conducted in cooperation with several organizations, agencies, and companies. In this report, we will focus on research we are conducting on alfalfa and pastures . In 1995, we initiated a cooperative alfalfa germplasm evaluation study with an alfalfa breeding company. Twenty-four advanced alfalfa lines were evaluated for three years for forage yield, resistance to stem nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci), and other plant characteristics such as fall dormancy. A line has been identified with high yields and resistance to stem nematodes. It has been named `Monument'. In 1994, we planted a pasture grass performance study at Fruita, Colorado. The trial has sixteen entries, fifteen entries are cool-season and one is a warm-season grass. Forage yield data have been collected for three years and forage quality has been determined on several cuttings for two years. The impact of this effort is noted by the number of people who request our results and who come to the Research Center to tour the plots. In 1996, we planted a pasture grass and forage legume species performance trial in mixed and single specie stands at Meeker, Colorado. Yield data were collected during 1997 from two cuttings. The first year of results essentially indicate ease of establishment and first year productivity for the entries. Farmers/ranchers, agency personnel such as NRCS, and seed companies who market pasture grasses and legumes have expressed support for this research and upon receiving the 1997 results indicated how useful the data are and how valuable this study will be in helping to identify species or mixed species that may increase pasture productivity . In the spring of 1998, a similar study will be planted at Hotchkiss, Colorado. The results of the alfalfa variety performance test, the pasture grass species performance study at Fruita , and the pasture grass and forage legume species performance trial at Meeker along with the results from other similar studies conducted in Colorado will be compiled annually into an Experiment Station technical report. The 1997 report will be the charter issue and is being compiled by Dr. Jerry Johnson, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, on the CSU campus at Fort Collins. An indicator of the impact and importance of the alfalfa and pasture research we are conducting is I have been invited to speak at the 1998 annual meeting of the Colorado Hay and Forage Association to be held in Denver on January 16, 1998. |
| 1998 | The objective of this project is to develop sustainable soil management and cropping systems for agriculture in western Colorado. This project is an aggregation of multiple investigations on several crops and is conducted in cooperation with numerous organizations, agencies, and companies. Research conducted for this project is based at the Colorado State University Fruita Research Center and from this location agronomic and related research is conducted throughout western Colorado. Agronomic research has been conducted in western Colorado for 50 years. To mark the occasion an 18-page report was published during 1998 describing the history , research benefits, past research efforts, current research and the future, a chronological list of professional and support staff during the past 50 years, and a list of publications dating from 1985 to 1998. In this CRIS report, we will focus on research we are conducting on conservation tillage (CS) under furrow irrigation. Conservation tillage is used widely in rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated production systems but adoption of CS on furrow-irrigated cropland has been limited. Conservation tillage technology developed for rainfed conditions will not transfer directly to furrow-irrigated conditions. Farmers in many furrow-irrigated areas have not adopted CS because of concerns associated with tilling, planting, irrigating, and harvesting in fields with surface crop residue. Major concerns about conservation tillage under furrow irrigation is the uncertainty of being able to furrow-irrigate in fields with surface residue because residue "dams" irrigation furrows and prevents uniform irrigation water advance. The costs associated with the purchase of equipment that will operate in high residue conditions and under furrow-irrigation is also a major deterrent for farmers to adopt CS. Some crops used in their rotation require different row spacings. Considerable tillage also occurs during harvest operations of some crops (e.g. potato, sugarbeet, onion, dry bean). These situations complicate the use of CS and do not lend themselves to consistent management and continued use of CS. Successful adoption of CS under furrow irrigation will require growers to adopt compassing new production management practices, possibly purchase new equipment that will operate in high residue conditions, and growers must overcome any psychological barriers they may have to maintaining high amounts of surface crop residue when furrow irrigating. Our research on conservation tillage in furrow-irrigated conditions is having a positive impact. We see an increase in the number of farmers, employees from government agencies, field consultants, and others who are making inquiries about our research results, equipment, and field practices we use for CS on furrow-irrigated land. Nevertheless, overall progress towards furrow-irrigated farmers adopting CS is slow for reasons described above and the amount of research being conducted on this topic compared to what is needed to accelerate the adoption of CS on furrow-irrigated cropland in the U.S. |
| 1999 | The objective of this project is to develop sustainable soil management and cropping systems for agriculture in western Colorado. This project consists of several investigations in traditional and alternative crops for western Colorado. The research conducted in this project is done in cooperation with public and private organizations, agencies, and companies. This project is based at the Colorado State University Western Colorado Research Center, and from this location agronomic research is conducted across western Colorado. In this report, we will focus on research we are conducting on irrigated legume and grass hay production in western Colorado. In 1998, all hay in Colorado was valued at more $440 million, more than any other crop, including wheat and corn. Clearly, a crop of this value deserves considerable research to support it. Several related experiments are currently underway in western Colorado. We have conducted alfalfa cultivar performance tests for many years. These tests are designed to evaluate commercial alfalfa cultivars for a three-year testing period. This is done in cooperation with alfalfa breeding and seed companies in which they submit alfalfa entries they wish to have us test. Companies pay a fee for each entry they submit. Alfalfa cultivar performance tests are commonly done in most alfalfa-growing states across the U.S. In 1994, we planted a pasture grass species performance test at Fruita, Colorado. We have collected data from three or more cuttings each year for five years for sixteen different grass species. We have conducted two related studies, one located at Meeker, Colorado and another at Hotchkiss, Colorado in which we are evaluating 50 different single and mixed species of grasses and forage legumes. We have three years of data at Meeker and two years of data at Hotchkiss. The data from all of these studies are reported each year and made available to the public in paper and electronic formats. These data are of interest to a broad audience including growers of all types (large, small, full-time, and part-time), breeders, seed companies, government agencies such as the NRCS, and other industry people such as fertilizer companies and seed retailers. Feedback reports to us indicate that farmers and ranchers are using our results to assist them in selecting species, varieties, and mixtures for planting. We have had numerous requests for information from all types of landowners and agribusiness representatives. In a recent meeting of the WCC-091, a working coordinating committee that consists of researchers and cooperative extension professionals, the need for up-to-date scientific data on the evaluation and performance of grass and legume forage species was recognized and encouraged. Our research on this topic is well on its way to meet some of the needs that have been identified from a broad range in interests. Some of the results of these studies are on the web at: http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/ SoilCrop/extension/CropVar/index.html. |
| 2000 | The objective of this project is to develop sustainable soil management and cropping systems for agriculture in western Colorado. This project consists of several investigations with traditional and alternative crops for use in western Colorado. The research in this project is conducted in cooperation with public and private organizations, agencies, and companies. The project is based at the CSU Western Colorado Research Center (WCRC). In this report, the focus will be on research we initiated in spring 2000 on producing hybrid poplar under agroforestry conditions in western Colorado. Interest in hybrid poplar in western Colorado has developed over the past year or two as an alternative to aspen, spruce, and pine for use in manufacturing oriented strand board and other wood products. Interest in poplar in agroforestry is the result of decreased access to timber resources on public lands in western Colorado and increased hauling costs to transport logs over long distances from harvest sites to manufacturing plants. The research initiated in spring 2000 at the WCRC was designed to determine field performance of hybrid poplar under agroforestry conditions in western Colorado . Research projects currently underway at the WCRC are: 1) Hybrid Poplar Clone Evaluation - eight hybrid poplar clones (NM6, 52225, OP367, Norway, Noreaster, 14274, 14272), four replications, 36-40 trees per plot. 2) Plant Density Study - four plant densities - 1.8 by 2.4 , 2.4 by 2.4, 3.0 by 2.4, 3.6 by 2.4 - meter spacings with two hybrid clones - Norway and Noreaster. 3) Irrigation Studies - drip irrigation versus furrow using Noreaster, and using mini-sprinkler to produce hybrid poplar. Hybrid poplar was planted at Fruita, Colorado on April 13, 2000 using 25-cm cuttings. Weeds were controlled using herbicides and timely cultivations. Irrigations were applied as needed during the growing season. Most hybrid poplar clones established well with low mortalities (< 2% mortality), with the exception of 14274 (31% mortality), Raverdeau (9% mortality), and 14272 (8% mortality). Plant height during the first year of growth in 2000, averaged across all eight hybrid poplar clones, was 2.5 m. Poplar hybrid OP367 was the tallest at 3.1 m (n = 64) with a 4.3- cm trunk diameter at the base of the tree and a 2.5-cm diameter at a one-meter tree height. The first year of growth of hybrid poplar at Fruita, Colorado was quite impressive. A public field tour of the poplar research was held on September 20, 2000 at Fruita, Colorado. Approximately 30 people attended the tour and expressed considerable interest in this research and the impacts hybrid poplar could have on western Colorado agriculture. These studies will continue for five more years when marketable trees are expected to be produced. |
| 2001 | Edamame soybean is a popular food in Japan and its popularity as a specialty food is increasing in the U.S. Edamame soybean pods are harvested with a partially developed seed similar to when garden peas are picked. Soybean pods are prepared for eating by cooking them in boiling salt water for a short time. Following cooking, pods are opened and seeds are eaten . Edamame soybean is considered by many people to be a healthy, tasty snack food. Seed for planting is expensive, costing as much as $26.46 per kilogram. Seed costs are high because of the difficulty encountered when producing seed crops. The primary difficulty for seed production is severe seed shattering that occurs when plants approach maturity. There are additional challenges for edamame soybean production. Obtaining uniform and adequate plant populations is often difficult. Early seedling mortalities can be high in some years as a result of disease. Germination and emergence of edamame soybean is slow. The time from planting to seedling emergence generally takes several days longer than most other field crops . At Fruita, Colorado the time from planting to emergence can take up to two weeks. Seedlings planted too deep or soil crusting during emergence can reduce plant stands significantly. However, with careful management at planting and during seedling emergence, adequate plant stands can often be achieved. Edamame soybean was grown at the Western Colorado Research Center at Fruita in 2001. This project was conducted in cooperation with Seedex, Inc. of Longmont, Colorado. Excessive seed shattering of edamame soybean occurred at Fruita, Colorado during the 2001 growing season, resulting in low harvested seed yield. Harvested seed yield averaged 385 kilograms per hectare with yield losses caused by seed shattering estimated to be 90 to 95 percent. To increase harvested seed yields of edamame soybean novel management strategies will need to be developed. Overcoming crop production constraints of edamame soybean, mainly seed shattering, would provide farmers in western Colorado with a profitable, alternative crop. Novel approaches will be used for the 2002 growing season to reduce harvest losses from seed shattering and increase harvested seed yields of edamame soybean. |
| 2002 | Producers who desire to grow new and alternative crops must integrate these new crop enterprises into cropping systems and practices that are profitable. Making traditional cropping enterprises more profitable will provide more economic cushion to growers that experience the ups and downs that often occur when growing new and alternative crops. In recent years, producing high quality alfalfa hay has become increasingly more important to producers. Often high quality alfalfa hay can be produced with little or no increase in production costs, yet profits from selling high quality hay can be worthwhile. A cultivar performance test was conducted at the Western Colorado Research Center at Fruita in which 20 alfalfa cultivars were evaluated for forage yield during a three-year testing period from 1999-2001. Crude protein and in vitro digestibility were determined for all 20 alfalfa cultivars in each of the four cuttings during the three-year testing period. Total 3-year crude protein yield was calculated based on crude protein concentration and forage yield. Four cultivars had high 3-year total crude protein yields. They were WL232HQ at 12.88 t/ha, Focus HSN at 12.70 t/ha, Millennia at 12.66 t/ha, and WL325HQ at 12.52 t/ha. Conversely, the two cultivars with the lowest 3-year crude protein yields were Ranger and Ladak at 11.04 and 10.75 t/ha, respectively. Total 3-year in vitro digestible dry matter yield was calculated based on in vitro digestible dry matter concentration and forage yield. Four cultivars had high 3-year total in vitro digestible dry matter yields. They were Focus HSN at 40.54 t/ha, Millennia at 40.12 t/ha, WL232HQ at 39.54 t/ha, and Reno at 39.09 t/ha. Conversely, the two cultivars with the lowest 3-year in vitro digestible dry matter yields again were Ranger at 35.73 t/ha and Ladak at 34.97 t/ha. Five cultivars had high 3-year total forage yields. They were Focus HSN at 67.04 t/ha, Millennia at 60.12 t/ha, ZX9453 at 59.18 t/ha, Baralfa 54 at 58.24 t/ha, and WL232HQ at 58.24 t/ha. The cultivars with the lowest 3-year total forage yields were Ranger at 52.95 t/ha and Ladak at 51.97 t/ha. Alfalfa cultivars that had high crude protein yields, high in vitro dry matter yields, and high forage yields were Focus HSN, Millennia, and WL 232 HQ. Ranger and Ladak had the lowest crude protein yields, in vitro digestible dry matter yields, and total forage yields. Alfalfa cultivars that had high crude protein yield, high in vitro dry matter yield, and high forage yield were Focus HSN, Millennia, and WL 232 HQ. Ranger and Ladak had the lowest crude protein yield, in vitro digestible dry matter yield, and total forage yield. These data provide convincing evidence that alfalfa cultivars differ in forage quality. Alfalfa cultivars that consistently produce high yields and high forage quality across cuttings and years of production will be popular with many farmers for planting. Alfalfa cultivars with low yields and low quality should be avoided unless they have unique, desirable characteristics that fit specific production requirements. |
| 2003 | Growers in northwest Colorado are limited to only a few crops to grow because of constraints created by dryland production conditions, a short growing season, limited precipitation, and isolation to markets for their crops. The principal cash crop grown in northwest Colorado is wheat. Alternative crops are of interest to growers in northwest Colorado. Alternative small grains, such as malting barley, triticale, and specialty wheats (i.e., hard white wheats) are of interest to growers because these crops are often sold into specialty markets which demand a premium selling price. New crop production inputs and practices are also of interest to growers in northwest Colorado if these inputs and practices are determined to be profitable and environmentally sound. Growers in this region of Colorado are supportive of agronomic research that provides them with science-based information. They can use this information to assist them in making crop production decisions. During 2003, we conducted winter and spring small grain variety tests that included not only traditional small grains but also some of these specialty wheats. We also conducted an experiment to evaluate the application of AGRO PAM and nitrogen on grain yield of spring wheat grown under the dryland conditions of northwest Colorado. The summer of 2003 in the Craig/Hayden area was hotter than in many other years. The average maximum temperature in July 2003 was 33 C. Precipitation during the 2003 growing season for the months of January through October totaled 374.9 mm with April receiving the most precipitation at 97.8 mm and July receiving the least amount of precipitation at only 4.6 mm. Precipitation in the Craig/Hayden area varies considerably from month to month and year to year and is the most limiting factor for small grain production. Grain yield in the winter wheat variety performance test averaged 2598 kg/ha. The highest yielding entry in the winter wheat test was CO980630 at 3227 kg/ha with six entries outyielding other varieties. Grain yield in the spring wheat variety performance test averaged 1603 kg/ha. Grain yield ranged from a high of 1829 kg/ha for Oxen to a low of 1438 kg/ha for IDO377S, but there were no statistically significant differences in grain yield among the eight varieties. An AGRO by N rate study was conducted at Hayden during 2003 in a two-factor experiment. The two factors were: 1) PAM applied at rates of 0, 2.2, and 6.7 kg/ha of AGRO and 2) nitrogen rates applied at 0, 11.2, 22.4, 33.6, and 44.8 kg N/ha using ammonium nitrate as the N source. Grain yield was reduced by 7.4 kg/ha with each additional kilogram of nitrogen applied per hectare within the range of nitrogen applied in this study. The application of AGRO PAM did not affect grain yield significantly. There was a slight increase of 100.8 kg/ha in grain yield at the 2.2 kg/ha application rate of AGRO over the check treatment but this increase was not statistically significant. |
| 2004 | In the 1980s several studies were conducted on soybeans in western Colorado by Colorado State University researchers. Seed yields of several cultivars were found to produce 4032 kg/ha yields and even higher in some years. Eventually, because of yield variations, marketing problems, and low crop prices for soybean, commercial production of this alternative crop in the Grand Valley dwindled. In the intervening years since soybean production research was conducted in western Colorado, numerous new soybean cultivars have been developed. Of particular note, Roundup-Ready soybean cultivars have been developed and are now readily available and widely used in commercial agriculture throughout the USA. The objective of this research was to evaluate Roundup-Ready soybean cultivars for seed yield and related agronomic performance and determine how these cultivars might perform in commercial production in western Colorado. Data were collected for plant population, seed yield, seed moisture, number of days to first flowering, plant height, height to first pod, test weight, seeds/lb, plant lodging, and seed shattering. Weed control across the entire plot area was excellent. The primary weed species in the plot area was flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum L.). Application of Roundup was convenient and provided considerable flexibility in determining when to apply the herbicide. Weeds in the field and plot area were easily controlled with two Roundup applications. The cost to apply Roundup for commercial production of Roundup-Ready soybeans in western Colorado, based on the rates, applicator costs, and adjuvants used in our study, would likely range from $49 to $62 per hectare per application. Average seed yield for the twenty-three soybean cultivars was 3462 kg/ha. Seed yields ranged from a high of 4344 kg/ha for H-3135 RR to a low of 2724 kg/ha for 92B38. Roundup-Ready soybean cultivars performed agronomically in a comparable manner to the conventional cultivars evaluated during the period of 1986-1989. Roundup-Ready soybean cultivars provide producers with a convenient, cost-effective, and highly effective weed control management tool that results in very weed-free fields and promotes high soybean productivity. |
| 2005 | The nuna bean, also referred to as a popping bean is an Andean subspecies, Phaseolus vulgaris subsp. nunas. When dropped into hot oil, boiled, or toasted the bean expands similar to puffed grains, but does not invert like popcorn. Nuna seeds are multi-colored and seed coat patterns vary, often resembling variations of miniature bird eggs. Popping beans are endemic to Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru and may be the oldest of all the common beans. The first commercial nuna cultivar was released in Peru in 1996. Nunas have traditionally been produced at equatorial latitudes at high elevations (2,500 m). In the U.S, nunas would have an attractive market potential as a high protein snack food. A nuna variety, adapted to Colorado environments and produced in Colorado, would have tremendous potential as a new crop for farmers and as a new snack food for industry in Colorado. Because of their daylength requirements, Andean nunas grown in northern latitudes remain vegetative, do not flower, and, thus, do not produce seed. A small research and development program was initiated in 1992, 14 years ago, at Colorado State University to develop nunas that were adapted for production in at least some if not many Colorado environments. Ten nuna lines (F10 generation)have been recently developed at Colorado State University in the Dry Bean Breeding Project in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences by Barry Ogg and Dr. Mark Brick, and were increased during 2005 at the Western Colorado Research Center at Fruita by Dr. Calvin Pearson. Nuna lines were planted on June 8, 2005 and harvested on November 11, 2005. Average first flowering of the ten nuna lines occurred 49 days from planting and ranged from 47 to 52 days from planting. Average days from planting to harvest maturity for the ten nuna lines were 130 days and ranged from 124 to 137 days from planting. In 2005, the growing season at Fruita, Colorado was 199 days, while the average growing season is 181 days. Total seed production from these ten lines exceeded more than 20 kg. This quantity of seed will be sufficient to allow us to conduct limited yield performance trials in 2006. Popping characteristics of the ten popping lines have yet to be evaluated fully, however, recent popping evaluation shows excellent popping quality of these breeding materials. |
| 2006 | Biodiesel has recently attracted interest because of the high cost of petroleum diesel that has occurred in the recent past. Tri-glyceride seed oils, found in crop plants such as canola , mustards, sunflower, cotton, safflower, soybean, corn, and also in used cooking oils, fats, and tallows can be converted into biodiesel. A biodiesel production facility in southwest Colorado is planned for construction in the near future by the San Juan Biodiesel Cooperative . The main crops targeted for use in this facility are sunflower and canola. Construction of this biodiesel manufacturing facility will open the possibility of growing alternative crops, such as sunflower, in western Colorado to supply vegetable oil for the biodiesel facility. The objective of this research was to evaluate thirty-two sunflower varieties for seed and oil yield and related agronomic characteristics to assess the potential for commercial production of sunflower under irrigation in western Colorado. Planting occurred on 15 May 2006 and plots were harvested on 1 Nov. 2006 using an International 1440 commercial combine and a portable electronic weighing system positioned in the grain tank. Data were collected for plant population, flowering date, plant height, plant lodging, seed moisture at harvest, test weight, and seed yield. Seed yield for the sunflower varieties averaged 2420 lbs/acre. There were significant and a wide range of differences among entries for seed yield. Seed yields ranged from a high of 3500 lbs/acre for HySun 454 to a low of 701 lbs/acre for Croplan Genetics 3080 DMR. Three of the thirty-two sunflower varieties (HySun 454, Producers Hybrids 7203, Garst 454) were high yielding and two varieties (Croplan Genetics 308 NS and Croplan Genetics 3080 DMR) had particularly low yields. Seed oil content averaged 44.3%, which is typical for many sunflower varieties. Oil contents ranged from a high of 47.0% for Mycogen 8N453DM to a low of 42.0% for Dyna-Gro 93N05 #2. Oil yield averaged 1072 lbs/acre. Oil yields among the sunflower varieties varied widely and ranged from a high of 1530 lbs/acre for Mycogen 8N462DM to a low of 310 lbs/acre of Croplan Genetics 3080 DMR. The variety with the highest seed yield did not have the highest oil yield. In summary, most sunflower varieties established well and exhibited very good growth during the growing season. Many sunflower varieties produced good seed yields, had low seed moisture contents at harvest, and had good seed oil contents and thus oil yields. We experienced considerable rain during the fall which delayed harvest of the sunflowers. This provided birds with more time to forage in the sunflower field. Our seed yields, while good, would likely have been somewhat higher if we could have harvested the plots sooner and reduced seed loss due to bird damage. Oilseed sunflower production in western Colorado appears promising based on the one year of agronomic data obtained at Fruita in 2006. Weed control in the sunflower field was excellent. Additional years of field research are needed to determine the long-term potential for producing sunflower under irrigation in western Colorado. |
| Impact | |
| 1999 | The average yield for all hay in Colorado has increased from 5.24 Mg/ha in 1982 to 7.30 Mg/ha in 1998. The value of all hay in Colorado has also increased from $209.6 million in 1982 to $440.5 million in 1998. The use of improved production technology, some of which may be attributed to our research and education efforts, has likely contributed to these substantial increases. |
| 2000 | If profitable markets can be identified, the production of hybrid poplar in western Colorado under agroforestry conditions would provide growers, especially small acreages and part-time farmers with an attractive, alternative crop. Currently, Louisiana-Pacific operates an oriented strand board (OSB) manufacturing facility at Olathe, Colorado. Louisiana-Pacific would be the main buyer of poplar. However, L-P is currently facing serious financial problems , given the low price of OSB and the high cost of purchasing timber and hauling it long distances to Olathe. There has been considerable interest from the public about producing hybrid poplar in western Colorado. An information sharing meeting was held on February 29, 2000 in Delta, Colorado and a field tour of the hybrid poplars was held on September 20, 2000 at Fruita, Colorado. Participation by the public in these meetings was motivating and the numerous inquiries by individuals have been noteworthy. In an editorial in the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel during summmer 2000, full support of hybrid poplar production in western Colorado was stated. |
| 2001 | Edamame soybean seed for planting is expensive, costing as much as $26.46 per kilogram. Seed costs are high because of the difficulty encountered when producing seed crops. The primary difficulty for seed production is severe seed shattering that occurs when plants approach maturity. Overcoming crop production constraints of edamame soybean, mainly seed shattering, could provide farmers in western Colorado with a profitable, alternative crop. Seed shattering was severe in 2001 at Fruita, Colorado and reduced harvested seed yields by 90 to 95 percent. Novel approaches will be used during the 2002 growing season to reduce harvest losses from seed shattering and increase harvested seed yields of edamame soybean. |
| 2002 | By selecting the right cultivars producers can increase both forage yields and hay quality. The data obtained in this study provide sound evidence that alfalfa cultivars differ significantly in forage quality, and when selecting cultivars for planting producers should consider the performance of alfalfa cultivars for both forage yield and hay quality. |
| 2003 | The 2003 results provide information about the performance of wheat varieties under severe stress conditions. The application of nitrogen on spring wheat at Hayden, Colorado in 2003 did not increase grain yields. In fact, grain yield was reduced by 7.4 kg/ha with each additional kilogram of nitrogen applied per hectare within the range of nitrogen applied in this study. The application of AGRO PAM did not affect grain yield significantly (p = 0.05), but there was a slight increase of 100.8 kg/ha in grain yield over the check treatment at the 2 lbs/acre application rate of AGRO. These findings indicate the need for further study on applying AGRO PAM in dryland winter and spring wheat in northwest Colorado. Agronomic research is conducted each year in northwest Colorado and is important to provide ongoing research support for producers in the region. |
| 2004 | The 2004 results provide information about the performance of soybean cultivars under local conditions found in western Colorado. The results of this study shows the commercial potential for producing this alternative crop in western Colorado, particularly the Grand Valley, using the latest technological advances in cultivar development. Soybean offer growers with an additional cropping possibility and adds diversity to agricultural production systems in the valley areas of western Colorado. |
| 2005 | Ten nuna (popping) bean lines have been developed by Colorado State University. These lines were increased at the Western Colorado Research Center at Fruita during 2005. Increased seed quantities are needed to conduct more extensive yield and adapatation testing in 2006. These breeding materials show promise in yield and popping characteristics, but further development will be needed to improve disease resistance and shorten the number of days required from planting to reach maturity. Additionally, commercialization of these CSU nuna lines will likely be hampered by two patents filed in 1997 and in 1999, but which are of questionable validity. |
| 2006 | A biodiesel production facility in southwest Colorado is planned for construction by the San Juan Biodiesel Cooperative in the near future. The main crops targeted for use in this facility are sunflower and canola. Construction of this biodiesel manufacturing facility will open the possibility of growing alternative crops such as sunflower in western Colorado to supply vegetable oil for the biodiesel facility. Variety yield performance data is of value to various people- farmers when selecting varieties to plant on their farms, seedsmen in knowing which varieties to grow for seed production, companies to determine which varieties to market and the locations where varieties are best adapted, and research personnel in developing new varieties and in educating people about them. Seed yields of the sunflower varieties in this 2006 irrigated trial at Fruita, Colorado averaged 2420 lbs/acre. There were significant and a wide range of differences among entries for seed yield. Seed yields ranged from a high of 3500 lbs/acre for HySun 454 to a low of 701 lbs/acre for Croplan Genetics 3080 DMR. Many sunflower varieties produced good seed yields, had low seed moisture contents at harvest, and had good seed oil contents and thus oil yields. |
| Publications | |
| 1993 |
ASHRAF, M., AND PEARSON, C.H. 1993. Crop, irrigation and soil responses to conservation tillage in a furrow-irrigated cropping system. Agron. Abstracts, p. 143. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI. ASHRAF, MOHAMMAD. 1993. Crop, irrigation, and soil responses to conservation tillage in a furrow-irrigated cropping system. M.S. Thesis. Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 127 p. HAMMON, R.W., ET AL. 1993. A conservation tillage planter for furrow-irrigated cropping systems. Agron. Abstracts, p. 63. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI. PEARSON, C.H., AND FITHIAN, W. 1993. Blunt ear syndrome - a new disease phenomenon in corn. Agron. Abstracts, p. 128. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI. PEARSON, C.H., AND GOLUS, H.M. 1993. 1993 Alfalfa variety test report. Fruita Research Center, Colorado State University. (unpub). PEARSON, C.H., AND GOLUS, H.M. 1993. Cultivar performance test 1990-92, forage yield history, and verticillium wilt of alfalfa in west. Colo. State Univ. agric. Exp.Stn. Rept. TR93-4. PEARSON, CALVIN H., AND GOLUS, HAROLD M. 1993. 1992 alfalfa variety trial results. p. 13-14. In: Eighth Annual Report of the Western Alfalfa Improvement Conference. March, 1993. (unpub). RILEY, R.H., ET AL. 1993. Response of seed yield and yield components in mixtures of dry edible beans. Field Crops Res. 33:283-292. SHANAHAN, JOHN F. ET AL. 1993. Performance tests of corn hybrid varieties in Colorado, 1992. Department of Agronomy, Colorado State University. (unpub). |
| 1994 |
BROWN, W.M., FRENCH, R.C., HAMMON, R.W., AND JENSEN, S.G. 1994. Occurrence and distribution of wheat viruses in Colorado. (Abstract) Phytopathology 84 (10): 1167 HAMMON, R. 1994. Factors influencing the overwintering of Russian wheat aphid in western Colorado. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Russian Wheat Aphid Workshop. Fort Collins CO. pp. 68-72 HAMMON, R.W. 1994. Winter wheat planting date, fall aphid infestations, and plant viruses. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Russian Wheat Aphid Workshop. Fort Collins CO. pp. 149-154 KROENING, M., ET AL 1994. Economic impact of Russian wheat aphid on resistant and susceptible wheats in Colorado. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Russian Wheat Aphid Workshop. Fort Collins CO . pp. 143-148. 1994 PEARSON, C.H. 1994. Plant response to the management of fluid and solid N fertilizers applied to furrow-irrigated corn. Fert. Res. 37:51-58 PEARSON, C.H., AND GOLUS, H.M. 1994. 1994 Alfalfa variety test report. Fruita Research Center, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Agric. Exp. Stn., Colorado State University. "unpub" |
| 1995 |
BRICK, M.A., WOOD, D.R., SCHWARTZ, H.F., PEARSON, C.H., OGG, J.B., BALLARIN, M. and SHANAHAN, J.F. 1995. Registration of 'Arapaho' pinto bean. Crop Sci. 35:1511-1512 FISHER, A.G., BRICK, M.A., WOOD, D.R., STACK, M., SCHWARTZ, H.F., OGG, J.B., PEARSON, C.H., SHANAHAN, J.F. and BALLARIN, M. 1995. Registration of 'Fisher' pinto bean. Crop Sci. 35:1511 PEARSON, C.H. 1995. Results of the National Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery at Fruita, Colorado, 1995. In: Forty-fifth Ann'l Rept of the Nat'l Cooperative Dry Bean Nurseries, 1994. Cooperative investigations among SAES, USDA-ARS, and Canadian Agric. Res. Cntrs PEARSON, C.H. 1995. Variety performance of malt barley in western Colorado. Report of research to Coors Brewing Company. December 1995. Fruita Research Center, Soil and Crop Sciences, Colo. Agric. Exp. Stn. (unpub). -- PEARSON, C.H. and GOLUS, H.M. 1995. 1994 alfalfa variety trial results. In: Tenth Annual Report of the Western Alfalfa Improvement Conf., pps. 26-27 PEARSON, C.H. and GOLUS, H.M. 1995. 1995 Alfalfa variety test report. Fruita Research Center, Soil and Crop Sciences, Colo. Agric. Exp. Stn., Fort Collins. (unpub) PEARSON, C.H. and GOLUS, H.M. 1995. Control of blunt ear syndrome of corn in western Colorado. February 1, 1995. Fruita Research Center, Soil and Crop Sciences, Colo. Agric. Exp. Stn. (unpub) PEARSON, C.H. and GOLUS, H.M. 1995. Nitrogen fertilization in sweet corn in western Colorado. Colo Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Rep. TR95-6, Fort Collins PEARSON, C.H., WHITE, K. and LANCE, A. 1995. Irrigating under simulated conditions with different residue quantity and furrow roughness. Agron. Abst. 87:290 PEARSON, CALVIN H. 1994. Performance of fall- and spring-planted durum wheat in western Colorado. Agron. J. 86:1054-1059 PEARSON, CALVIN H. and ROBINSON, LOT. 1994. Automating a commercial swather for harvesting forage plots. Agron. J. 86:1131-1133. -- PEARSON, CALVIN H., HAIN, JAMES P., HAMMON, ROBERT W. and GOLUS, HAROLD M. 1994. Conservation-tillage gain drill for furrow-irrigated cropping systems. Agron. J. 86:1128-1131 |
| 1996 |
JOHNSON, F.P., AND PEARSON, C.H. 1996. Restructuring research centers in Colorado - an administrator's perspective. Agron. Abs. 88:47 PEARSON, C.H. 1995. Results of the National Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery at Fruita, Colorado, 1995. In: 46th Ann. Rpt of Nat'l Coop.Dry Bean Nurseries. Cooperative investigations among State AESs. USDA-ARS, and Canadian Agric. Res. Cntrs. -- PEARSON, C.H. AND BRICK, M.A. 1996. Post-harvest, p. 40-41. In: Dry Bean Production and Pest Management. Colo. State Univ., Univ. of Nebraska, and Univ. of Wyoming, Regional Bulletin 562A PEARSON, C.H., AND JOHNSON, F.P. 1996. Regionalizing research centers in western Colorado: a scientist's perspective. Agron. Abs. 88:46 PEARSON, C.H., GOLUS, H.M., AND HAMMON, R.W. 1996. 1996 Alfalfa variety test report. Fruita Research Center, Dept of Soil and Crop Sciences, Agric. Exp. Stn., Colo. State Univ. (unpub) SMITH, J.A. AND PEARSON, C.H. 1996. Tillage practices , p. 27-31. In: Dry Bean Production and Pest Management. Colo. State Univ., Univ. of Nebraska, and Univ. of Wyoming, Regional Bulletin 562A |
| 1997 |
HAMMON, R.W., PEARSON, C. H., and PEAIRS, F.B. 1997. Winter wheat planting date effect on Russian wheat aphid (homoptera: Aphididae) and a plant virus complex. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 69:302-309 |
| 1998 |
PEARSON, C.H., GOLUS, H.M., and HAMMON, R.W. 1998. Fifty years of agronomic research in western Colorado. Colorado State University Agric. Exp. Stn. Technical Report 98-6 |
| 1999 |
Pearson, Calvin H., and Mucklow, C. J. 1999. Stand establishment (irrigated and dryland). p. 78-86. In: A. Wayne Cooley (ed.). Intermountain Grass and Legume Forage Production Manual. Colorado State University, Cooperative Extension. Fort Collins, Colorado Pearson, Calvin H., and Rechel, Eric. 1999. Harvest. p. 108-119. In: A. Wayne Cooley (ed.). Intermountain Grass and Legume Forage Production Manual. Colorado State University, Cooperative Extension. Fort Collins, Colorado Pearson, Calvin H., and Sharp, Rod. 1999. Variety selection. p. 72-77. In: A. Wayne Cooley (ed .). Intermountain Grass and Legume Forage Production Manual. Colorado State University, Cooperative Extension. Fort Collins, Colorado |
| 2000 |
Berrada, A., Dillon, M., Johnson, J., Pearson, C., and Quick, J. 2000. 1999 Colorado spring cereal variety performance trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, TR00-8. Fort Collins, CO. Brick, M.A., Schwartz, H. F., Ogg, J. B., Johnson, J. J., Judson, F., and Pearson, C. 2000. Release of `Shiny Crow', a new black bean variety. Bean Improvement Cooperative 43:224. Johnson, J. J., Schwartz, H. F., Brick, M. A., Schweissing, F. C., Pearson, C. H., Berrada, A. , Stack, M., Hain, J. P., Johnson, C. L., Ogg, J. B., and McMillan, M. 2000. 2000 Dry bean variety performance trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, TR00-9. Fort Collins, CO. Johnson, J. J., Schweissing, F. C., Pearson, C. H., Hain, J. P., and Johnson, C. L. 2000. 2000 Colorado corn variety performance trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, TR00-10. Fort Collins, CO. Pearson, C. H. 2000. Agronomic performance of kenaf in western Colorado. Proceedings of the American Kenaf Society 3:137-141. Pearson, C. H. 2000. Alfalfa variety performance and evaluation of advanced alfalfa breeding lines at Fruita, Colorado 1999. p.11-15. In: Joe E. Brummer, Calvin H. Pearson, and Jerry J. Johnson (eds.). Colorado Forage Research 1999: alfalfa, irrigated pastures, and mountain meadows. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension. Technical Report, TR00-6. Fort Collins, CO. Pearson, C. H. 2000. Evaluation of pasture grasses at Fruita, Colorado 1999. p.65-69. In: Joe E. Brummer, Calvin H. Pearson, and Jerry J. Johnson (eds.). Colorado Forage Research 1999: alfalfa, irrigated pastures, and mountain meadows. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension. Technical Report, TR00-6. Fort Collins, CO. Pearson, C. H. 2000. Evaluation of pasture grasses, forage legumes, and mixtures at Meeker, Colorado 1999. p.81-85. In: Joe E. Brummer, Calvin H. Pearson, and Jerry J. Johnson (eds.). Colorado Forage Research 1999: alfalfa, irrigated pastures, and mountain meadows. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension. Technical Report, TR00-6. Fort Collins, CO. Pearson, C. H. 2000. Field performance of alfalfa hay preservatives in western Colorado. p .29-35. In: Joe E. Brummer, Calvin H. Pearson, and Jerry J. Johnson (eds.). Colorado Forage Research 1999: alfalfa, irrigated pastures, and mountain meadows. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension. Technical Report, TR00-6. Fort Collins, CO. Pearson, C. H. 2000. Forage quality of pasture grasses at Fruita, Colorado. p.71-80. In: Joe E . Brummer, Calvin H. Pearson, and Jerry J. Johnson (eds.). Colorado Forage Research 1999: alfalfa, irrigated pastures, and mountain meadows. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension. Technical Report, TR00-6. Fort Collins, CO. Pearson, C. H., and Gaus, A. G. 2000. Evaluation of pasture grasses, forage legumes, and mixtures at Hotchkiss, Colorado 1999. p.87-91. In: Joe E. Brummer, Calvin H. Pearson, and Jerry J. Johnson (eds.). Colorado Forage Research 1999: alfalfa, irrigated pastures, and mountain meadows. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension. Technical Report, TR00-6. Fort Collins, CO. Pearson, C. H., Sayre, K. D., and Chapman, P. L. 2000. Nitrogen management under no-tillage in a furrow-irrigated crop rotation of corn and wheat in western Colorado. Proceedings of the Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference 8:232-237. Pearson, C.H. 2000. Double-cropping winter barley with pinto bean in western Colorado. Agron. Abst. p. 76. Amer. Soc. of Agron., Madison, WI. |
| 2001 |
Pearson, C.H. 2001. Performance of Hybrid Poplar in Agroforestry in Western Colorado. pp.33-35 . In: Western Colorado Research Center Research Report 2001. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR01-13. Pearson, C.H. 2001. Seed Production of Edamame Soybean in Western Colorado. pp.39-41. In: Western Colorado Research Center Research Report 2001. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR01-13. Pearson, C.H. 2001. Water-use Efficiency of Cool-Season Turf Grasses in Western Colorado. pp .36-39. In: Western Colorado Research Center Research Report 2001. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR01-13. Pearson, C.H., and Max, S.M. 2001. Security and Protection of Agricultural Field Research. Agron. Abstracts Poster presentation was made at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings in Charlotte, North Carolina. October 21,2001. |
| 2002 |
Berrada, A., Bruce Bosley, Bill Brown, ... Calvin Pearson, ..., and Cris Woodward (25 authors listed alphabetically). 2002. Making Better Decisions: 2001 Colorado wheat variety performance trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, TR02-7. Fort Collins, Colorado. Berrada, Abdel, Merlin Dillon, Scott Haley, Jerry Johnson, Calvin Pearson, Jim Quick, and Mark Stack. 2002. Making Better Decisions: 2001 Colorado Spring Wheat, Barley, and Oats Performance Trials. . Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension , TR02-3. Fort Collins, Colorado. Brick, M.A., H. F. Schwartz, J. B. Ogg, J. J. Johnson, F. Judson, and C. H. Pearson. 2002. Release of `Shiny Crow' black bean. Crop Sci. 42:1751-1752. Johnson, J. J., F. C. Schweissing, C. H. Pearson, J. P. Hain, C. L. Johnson, and S. Norberg. 2002. Making Better Decision: 2002 Colorado corn, soybean, and sunflower performance trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, TR02-10. Fort Collins, Colorado Johnson, J. J., H. F. Schwartz, M. A. Brick, F. C. Schweissing, C. H. Pearson, A. Berrada, M. Stack, J. P. Hain, C. L. Johnson, J. B. Ogg, and K. Otto. 2001. Making Better Decisions: 2001 dry bean variety performance trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, TR01-10. Fort Collins, Colorado Pearson, C.H., C.A. Holcomb, A. W. Cooley, and J.E. Murray. 2002. Guidelines for using conservation tillage under furrow irrigation. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, TR02-6. Fort Collins, Colorado. |
| 2003 |
Berrada, A., Dillon, M., Haley S., Johnson, C., Johnson, J., Pearson, C., Quick, J., and Stack , M. 2002. Making Better Decisions: 2002 Colorado Spring Wheat, Barley, and Oats Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR03-2. Fort Collins, Colorado. Johnson, J.J., Schwartz, H.F., Brick, M.A., Schweissing, F.C., Pearson, C.H., Stack, M., Hain, J.P., Johnson, C.L., McMillian, M.M., Nissen, S.C., Ogg, J.B., and Otto, K. 2003. Making Better Decisions: 2003 Dry Bean Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR03-09. Fort Collins, Colorado. Johnson, J.J., Schweissing, F.C., Pearson, C.H., Hain, J.P., and Johnson, C.L. 2003. Making Better Decisions: 2003 Colorado Corn, Soybean, and Sunflower Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR03-10. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, C.H., Brick, M., Johnson, J.J., Ogg, J.B., and Johnson, C.L. 2003. Results of the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery and State Uniform Dry Bean Variety Performance Test at Fruita, Colorado 2002. p. 47-50. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2002 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR03-7. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, C.H., Haley, S., Johnson, J.J., and Johnson, C. 2003. Small Grain Variety Performance Tests at Hayden, Colorado 2002. p. 51-55. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2002 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR03-7. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, C.H., Rogoyski, R., Godin, R., Hammon, B., and Moench, R. 2003. Performance of Hybrid Poplar in Western Colorado, 2000-2002. p. 7-18. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2002 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR03-7. Fort Collins, Colorado. |
| 2004 |
Brick, Mark A., Calvin H. Pearson, and John A. Smith. 2004. Post-Harvest. In: Dry Bean Production & Integrated Pest Management, (2nd ed., Schwartz, Howard F., Mark A. Brick, Robert M. Harveson, and Gary D. Franc, technical editors). Bulletin 562A. Regional publication produced by: Colorado State University, University of Nebraska, and University of Wyoming. Pearson, Calvin (Information Resource and conducted the cultivar performance test at Montrose, CO) 2004. Making Better Decisions: 2004 Dry Bean Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR04-08. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. 2004. Making Hay the Right Way. p. 29-40. In: Colorado Forage Research 2003: Alfalfa, Irrigated Pastures, and Mountain Meadows (Brummer, Joe E. and Calvin H. Pearson , compiled and edited by). Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Bulletin TB04-01. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. 2004. Pasture Grass Species Evaluation at Fruita 1995-2001. p. 65-70. In: Colorado Forage Research 2003: Alfalfa, Irrigated Pastures, and Mountain Meadows (Brummer, Joe E. and Calvin H. Pearson, compiled and edited by). Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Bulletin TB04-01. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. 2004. Pasture Grass, Forage Legume, and Mixed Species Evaluation at Meeker 1997-2001. p. 71-79. In: Colorado Forage Research 2003: Alfalfa, Irrigated Pastures, and Mountain Meadows (Brummer, Joe E. and Calvin H. Pearson, compiled and edited by). Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Bulletin TB04-01. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. 2004. Pasture Grass, Forage Legume, and Mixed Species Evaluation at Hotchkiss 1998-2001. p. 81-89. In: Colorado Forage Research 2003: Alfalfa, Irrigated Pastures, and Mountain Meadows (Brummer, Joe E. and Calvin H. Pearson, compiled and edited by). Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Bulletin TB04-01. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. 2004. Western Colorado Alfalfa Performance Test at Fruita 1999-2001. p. 23-28. In: Colorado Forage Research 2003: Alfalfa, Irrigated Pastures, and Mountain Meadows (Brummer, Joe E. and Calvin H. Pearson, compiled and edited by). Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Bulletin TB04-01. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. 2004. Western Colorado Alfalfa Performance Test at Fruita 2002-2003. p. 21-22. In: Colorado Forage Research 2003: Alfalfa, Irrigated Pastures, and Mountain Meadows (Brummer, Joe E. and Calvin H. Pearson, compiled and edited by). Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Bulletin TB04-01. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. Mark A. Brick, Jerry J. Johnson, J. Barry Ogg, and Cynthia L. Johnson. 2004 . Dry Bean Variety Performance Test at Montrose, Colorado 2003. p. 21-22. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2003 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR04-05. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H. Scott D. Haley, Jerry J. Johnson, and Cynthia L. Johnson. 2004. Small Grain Variety Performance Tests at Hayden, Colorado 2003. p. 23-28. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2003 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR04-05. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H., and Joe E. Brummer. 2004. Potential for Selecting Alfalfa Varieties Based on Forage Quality. p. 41-47. In: Colorado Forage Research 2003: Alfalfa, Irrigated Pastures, and Mountain Meadows (Brummer, Joe E. and Calvin H. Pearson, compiled and edited by). Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Bulletin TB04-01. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin H., Scott Haley, Jerry Johnson, and Cynthia Johnson. 2004. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Test at Hayden, Colorado 2003. p. 28-29. In: Making Better Decision: 2003 Colorado Winter Wheat Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR04-03. Fort Collins, Colorado . Rath, Donna, and Calvin Pearson. 2004. Inducing Shoot Production in Sunflower using TDZ in Tissue Culture. p. 13-20. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2003 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR04-05. Fort Collins, Colorado. Rogoyski, Matthew, Calvin H. Pearson, Frank Kelsey, and John Wilhelm. 2004. A Production System for High Value Crops- Retractable Roof Greenhouses in Western Colorado. p. 7-12. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2003 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR04-05. Fort Collins, Colorado . Smith, John A., and Calvin H. Pearson. 2004. Tillage Practices. In: Dry Bean Production & Integrated Pest Management, (2nd ed., Schwartz, Howard F., Mark A. Brick, Robert M. Harveson, and Gary D. Franc, technical editors). Bulletin 562A. Regional publication produced by: Colorado State University, University of Nebraska, and University of Wyoming. |
| 2005 |
Johnson, J. J., Schweissing, F.C., Pearson, C.H., Hain, J. P., and Johnson, C. L. 2005. Making Better Decisions: 2004 Colorado Corn and Sunflower Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. Technical Report TR05-04. Pearson, C. H. 2005. Making Better Decisions: 2005 Dry Bean Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR05-11. Fort Collins, Colorado. (Information Resource and conducted the cultivar performance test at Montrose, CO) Pearson, C. H. 2005. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Test at Hayden, Colorado 2004. Making Better Decisions: 2004 Colorado Winter Wheat Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. Technical Report TR05-09. p. 17-19. Pearson, C.H. 2005. Agronomic performance of Roundup-Ready soybean cultivars at Fruita, Colorado 2004. Western Colorado Research Center 2003 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. Technical Report TR05-08. p. 47-52. Pearson, C.H., Rogoyski, M., and Kelsey, F. 2005. Using native and adapted plants in disturbed landscapes. Western Colorado Research Center 2004 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. Technical Report TR05-08. p. 7-18. |
| 2006 |
Pearson, C.H. 2006. Agronomic performance of canola at Fruita, Colorado 2005. p. 29-33. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2005 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR06-06. Fort Collins, Colorado . Pearson, C.H., Brick, M. A., Johnson, J. J., Ogg, J. B., and Johnson, C. L. 2006. Pinto bean variety performance test at Montrose, Colorado 2005. p. 21-22. In: Western Colorado Research Center 2005 Research Report. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR06-06. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, C.H., Mullen, R.W., Thomason, W. E., and Phillips, S. B., 2006. Associate editors role in helping authors and upholding journal standards. Agron. J. 98:417-422. Pearson, Calvin H. 2006. Letter from the Editor. Agron. J. 98:229-230. Pearson, Calvin H. 2006. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Test at Hayden, Colorado 2005. p. 20-23. In: Making Better Decisions: 2005 Colorado Winter Wheat Variety Performance Trials. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension, Technical Report TR06-09. Fort Collins, Colorado. Pearson, Calvin. 2006. New Research Project Initiated at WCRC on Living Mulches. In: Western PhytoWorks (Ron Godin, ed.). Fall 2006. Newsletter of the Western Colorado Research Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Colorado State University. Pearson, Calvin. 2006. Producing Canola and Biodiesel on the Western Slope. In: Western PhytoWorks (Ron Godin, ed.). Fall 2006. Newsletter of the Western Colorado Research Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Colorado State University. Pearson, Calvin. 2006. WCRC Researcher Presents Paper at Scientific Meetings in San Diego. In: Western PhytoWorks (Ron Godin, ed.). Fall 2006. Newsletter of the Western Colorado Research Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Colorado State University. |