| Title |
Investigators | Department | Objectives | Approach Keywords | Progress Reports | Impact Statements | Publications | |
Project * COL00629 | |
| Investigator(s) | Han, HL; |
| Department | Animal Science |
| Objectives | The overall objectives of this project are to examine the regulation of domestic animal growth by hormones, nutrients and growth factors. The specific objectives of this project are to, 1. examine the nutritional and hormonal regulation of adipose tissue genes involved in lipogenesis, energy metabolism and body composition; 2. examine the effects of growth factor-enriched bovine colostral fractions on animal growth and metabolism, in vivo and in vitro. |
| Approach | My laboratory has published results of an experiment which examined changes in ovine adipose tissue gene expression in response to acute nutrient infusion. We plan to expand these studies to define the roles of glucose, insulin and propionate in adipose gene induction. In addition, we have examined the effects of a growth factor-rich bovine colostrum fraction on growth and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and will expand these studies to examine effects of this fraction on growth, immune response and body composition in mice. |
| Keywords | hormones, insulin, leptin, IGF, propionate, colostrum, immunity, adipose, RNA, ultrafiltration, nutraceuticals, lipogenesis, body composition, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthetase, gene expression, uncoupling protein, PPAR gamma, genes, animal growth |
| Progress Reports | |
| 1993 | Identification of individuals, paternity of offspring and breed types are of great value to the animal agriculture industry. Traditional breeding methods and blood type polymorphism analysis are associated with large error values in defining these parameters. Using multilocus molecular probes to generate DNA fingerprints, we have examined the utility of this technique in examining molecular genetic differences between breeds and species of farm animals. In addition, DNA fingerprinting has been used to establish paternity, kinship and individual identification in these animals. DNA fingerprints varied significantly between all groups examined (breeds, species, individuals) and proved effective in establishing paternity in cattle, sheep and horses. The technique was not successful in defining genetic distances between individuals (i.e., grandsires and cousins), as shared genetic material in the form of fingerprint bands showed overlapping patterns of similarity between related individuals. These studies demonstrate the utility of the DNA fingerprinting technique as applied to economically important animals. |
| 1994 | The use of molecular genetic markers will improve the livestock production industry by enhancing genetic selection of superior animals. Molecular markers will increase the accuracy of sire identification, provide a means of individual and breed identification and eventually lead to selection of superior animals based on single gene markers for quantitative traits. We have used DNA fingerprinting to correctly identify embryos which have been transferred into equine recipients, establishing that surviving embryos were not due to fertilization of the recipient mare's oocyte. In addition, studies on single gene products of cattle, sheep and horses demonstrated that genes are activated and influenced by developmental, hormonal and environmental factors. Gene expression of growth hormone and IGF-I was shown to change with developmental stage in cloned Brangus steers and to be uninfluenced by treatment with estrogens and androgens. Gene expression of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins by ovine and equine skeletal muscle satellite cell in vitro is influenced by species stage of differentiation and cell lineage. These studies demonstrate that multilocus and single gene genetic markers are useful adjuncts in the examination of genetic and physiological indices relating to animal production, growth regulation and body composition. |
| 1995 | Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins are essential in mediating the endocrine growth of animals. Levels of IGF-I and the IGF binding proteins have been measured in callipyge (CLPG) sheep serum and compared under a variety of nutritional treatments. These studies have shown that there is no difference between the CLPG sheep and non-CLPG sheep when the animal has adequate nutritional intake. However, when these sheep are restricted to 60% of intake, IGF-I, as well as insulin, is more sensitive to nutritional restriction. In isolated sheep skeletal muscle satellite cells, secreted IGF-I does not change during cell proliferation or differentiation into multinucleated myotubes. In contrast, IGF binding proteins are secreted in a cell and development-specific manner and may be related to fundamental changes which occur in these muscle cells during development and differentiation. In an exploratory study designed to examine potential biochemical markers as potential indicators of zinc deficiency, it was shown that IGF-I (as well as alkaline phosphatase, insulin, glucose and urea) did not differ between zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient calves. In summary, IGFs continue to be used as gene products which can be used as markers for species , nutritional and skeletal muscle system markers. |
| 1996 | The role of growth hormone (GH), the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and the IGF binding proteins (BP) have been examined in sheep and in sheep skeletal muscle cell cultures. These studies show that concentrations of GH were negatively correlated with slaughter weight and muscle satellite cell growth and differentiation in vitro. In addition, serum concentrations of IGF-I were lowly correlated with muscle satellite cell kinetics in vitro. These studies indicate that serum concentrations of IGF-I and GH are not good indicators of animal slaughter weight or muscle cell kinetics in vitro and that local concentrations of growth factors or hormones may be more important in regulating skeletal muscle growth in sheep. Characterization of secretion of IGF and IGFBP by sheep satellite cell strains in vitro showed that these cells secrete variable, but low levels of IGF-I and IGF-II. Cells with a high level of differentiation secreted high levels of a complex array of IGFBP, similar to that of serum, while those with low levels of differentiation secreted low levels of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3. The patterns and levels of secretion were positively altered by coculture with the preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-LI. These studies suggest that IGFBP may be involved in regulating skeletal muscle satellite cell growth and differentiation. |
| 1997 | The involvement of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their binding proteins in the regulation of animal growth have been examined. In addition, the IGFs and placental lactogen levels during pregnancy in cattle have been studied. These studies have shown that IGFs are intimately involved in the regulation of sheep skeletal muscle satellite cell growth and differentiation in vitro. The IGF binding protein secretion by sheep satellite cells varies with potential to replicate and differentiate and may be important in the localized regulation of muscle cell development. Likewise, levels of IGF as well as placental lactogen vary with stage of development in both maternal and fetal compartments during gestation in beef cattle. These studies demonstrate the potential regulation of growth, and body composition by the insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins and placental lactogen in sheep and cattle . |
| 1998 | Leptin is a recently discovered serum polypeptide hormone which acts as a 'lipostat', regulating total body energy intake and metabolism in nonruminants. We have undertaken studies to examine leptin and its serum binding proteins in sheep and cattle. Using human (Eli Lily) and sheep (Univ. Missouri) recombinant leptin, we have explored different iodination schemes using iodogen and chloramine T to provide a suitable radioiodinated leptin. In addition, use of detergents and reducing agents as storage components for idninated leptin have been examined. We have found leptin to be susceptible to the strong oxidizing and reducing agents used in conventional iodination and have used a modified chloramine T/cysteine protocol to minimize aggregation of labeled leptin. The inclusion of Triton-X100 and glycerol in storage buffers have also alleviated some aggregation problems. Iodinated leptin was shown to bind to high molecular weight ovine serum binding proteins (175-185 Kda) using molecular sizing chromatography (Sephacryl S-300) and nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis followed by Western blotting and hybridization. The use of competitive ligand binding analysis has demonstrated specific, high affinity binding to ovine serum components. These preliminary studies demonstrate the existence of high molecular weight ovine serum binding proteins which likely modulate the biological actions of leptin. |
| 1999 | Research completed during the course of this project encompasses the broad area of mammalian growth and its regulation by hormones and growth factors. Studies, both in vivo and in vitro focused on the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in the regulation of farm animal growth. Relationships between fetal-placental-maternal growth regulation during gestation in cattle were studied in regard to IGF and placental lactogen (PL) levels in fetal and maternal circulation, demonstrating that PL was not likely involved in stimulating fetal IGF-I release, as these hormone levels were inversely correlated. Examination of the paracrine interactions of adipose tissue with skeletal muscle, in vitro by the use of IGF-I, -II and IGF binding proteins as molecular markers demonstrated that these tissues interact in developmental and cell strain-specific manners. Co-culture of ovine skeletal muscle satellite cell strains with preadipocytes or adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 cells provided an excellent potential model of tissue to tissue interactions and helped to elucidate the role of local IGFs and their binding proteins on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. Two invited review papers, with Dr. Hossner as lead author, were published in peer-reviewed international journals during the period of this project |
| 2000 | Methods to isolate polypeptide growth factors from defatted bovine colostrum have been identified and examined. Comparison of the use of acid, alkaline and high ionic strength buffers in ultrafiltration of bovine colostrum was completed. The use of an alkaline nondenaturing, continuous fluid-phase, one-step ultrafiltration method to quickly and efficiently isolate low molecular weight peptide growth factors was established, published and patented. The method removed more than 95% of colostral protein and resulted in a fraction which is enriched in IGF-I and IGF-II. Additional studies will examine the presence of other growth factors and establish the biological efficacy of the preparation in vivo and in vitro. |
| 2001 | This project, revised September, 2001, has undertaken to examine the effects of a growth factor-enriched bovine colostrum fraction on animal growth in vivo and in vitro and to develop molecular probes for adipose tissue growth and differentiation. We have examined the effects of growth factor-enriched colostrum fractions in ovine skeletal muscle satellite cell cultures and demonstrated that high levels of this fraction inhibited growth and differentiation of these cells. Using 3T3-L1 cells, we have provided evidence of an approximate 70-fold enrichment of mitogenic activity in the low molecular weight colostrums fraction. Nonisotopic molecular probes for the genes lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, leptin, uncoupling protein-2 and peroxisome proliferater activated receptor-gamma have been developed and their utility in ribonuclease protection assays validated. Their response to intravenous propionate and oral copper have been examined in sheep and cattle, respectively. Although copper supplementation of steers had no effect on expression of these genes, a 30 minute intravenous propionate treatment of rams increased the mRNA for these genes by variable amounts, with lipoprotein lipase and acetyl coenzeyme A carboxylase expression being induced almost 2-fold. Only uncoupling protein-2 was reduced by this nutrient. These studies demonstrate the acute effects of nutrients on gene expression in ruminant adipose tissue. |
| 2002 | In order to provide basic information about the regulation of fat deposition in ruminants, we examined the effects of an acute, intravenous infusion of propionate on blood hormones and metabolites as well as mRNA concentrations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of sheep. This project used new methodology developed in my laboratory, namely, the synthesis of nonradioactive RNA probes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction methods and the development of a ribonuclease protection assay for quantification of mRNA for 6 different genes involved with lipogenesis and adipose tissue metabolism. After a 30 min intravenous propionate infusion, levels of blood glucose and insulin went up rapidly and NEFA levels dropped about 70%. Compared to controls, the mRNAs for the lipogenic genes,fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase, were increased 2- and 5-fold, respectively. The mRNAs for the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and the lipogenic enzyme acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase were increased by 55% and 80%, respectively. The appetite-regulating hormone, leptin, mRNA was doubled while uncoupling protein-2, a regulator of basal metabolism, mRNA was halved. The results of this study demonstrated that we could measure the direct, acute effects of propionate on gene expression of mRNA in adipose tissue of sheep. This adds to our basic knowledge of fat production at the cellular and molecular level and demonstrates that individual adipose tissue genes are expressed at different baseline levels and that they respond differentially to a single nutrient challenge. This experimental model will be used to further examine the effects of nutrient and hormonal stimuli on the regulation of adipose genes. This will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the affects of nutrients on gene expression and the modulation of body composition of meat animals. |
| 2003 | This new project is designed to examine the response of adipose tissue genes to nutritional, developmental and hormonal stimuli in farm animals. As such, the novel, nonisotopic RNase protection assay has been validated for use in sheep, cattle and horses. We are in the process of establishing its use in horses with compromised metabolic functions such as Cushings disease, laminitis and the metabolic syndrome. |
| 2004 | Significance. This study is important to develop reliable methods for the detection of nervous system tissue in meat products. This is relevant to the potential of contracting neurological diseases from consumption of meat products tainted with central nervous system (CNS) tissue that may carry prions, the causative agent for bovine spongioform encephalitis (BSE) and human variant Crutzfeld-Jacob disease (vCJD). Study description. A study was designed to compare the sensitivity and repeatability of three methods for detecting CNS tissue contamination of comminuted beef. These methods were: 1. Colorado State University F-ELISA for GFAP, developed in this laboratory, 2. commercially available R-biopharm GFAP-ELISA and 3. USDA immunohistochemical procedure, the government-recognized method currently used to detect CNS contamination. In addition, we examined modifications of the R-Biopharm protocol to improve its performance. Each of these assays is based on the immunological detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a major membrane antigen found predominantly in CNS tissue. Results. The characteristics of the R-biopharm, or Ridascreen, assay were improved by using a sample extraction method that enhances reliability of sample analysis. The Ridascreen assay standard curve displayed a sensitivity of 0.2% to 0.4% risk material (RM) and a coefficient of variation (CV) of 13% to 48%. The unmodified Ridascreen method of sampling and extraction resulted in high sample variation in spinal cord (SC)-spiked ground beef samples (CV = 23 to 50%) and was ineffective in detecting brain contamination of meat samples. After modification of Ridascreen sampling and extraction methods, SC-spiked sample variation was reduced to 16 to 20% (CV) and sensitivity was improved from 0.3% to 0.2% SC. Brain tissue (0.05% to 0.5%) was not detected in either Ridascreen assay. The CSU F-ELISA was sensitive to 0.6 ng GFAP/well, 0 .05% SC and 0.2% brain contamination. Combined intra- and inter- assay variation for the CSU F-ELISA standards were 7 to 25% and variation due to sampling and extraction of CNS-spiked ground beef samples was 7 to 13% for SC and 8 to 14% for brain. The USDA immunohistochemical analysis of CNS-adulterated ground beef had a sensitivity of 0.2% SC and 0.05% brain, with false negative rates of 10% to 20% at and above the stated assay sensitivities. Dorsal root ganglion contamination of ground beef samples was not detected with any of the analytical methods. Advanced meat recovery (AMR) samples from 5 commercial facilities were analyzed using these methods. The modified Ridascreen, the CSU F-ELISA and the IHC methods detected 5.7%, 2 .1% and 3.1% AMR samples, respectively, as positive for CNS contamination. |
| 2005 | This project examined several aspects of animal growth regulation, ranging from the cellular and molecular level to the whole animal. The primary focus was on sheep and cattle and the cells and molecules derived from them. Initial studies were completed that revealed the properties of IGFs, their hepatic receptors and serum binding proteins. An RIA was developed to quantitate levels of IGF-I in beef cattle and used to examine developmental changes in this important growth factor. Further studies revealed the efficacy of using DNA fingerprinting for animal identification, while studies using gene probes for IGF-I showed alterations in gene expression of this growth factor during developmental and physiological processes. Studies on bovine colostrum showed that low molecular weight peptides could be easily isolated from this source, providing an accessible, inexpensive source of growth factors for wound healing, immune sufficiency and body builders. A gene probe panel and a nonisotopic assay for several genes involved with lipogenesis in ovine adipose tissue was developed and used to examine the changes in fat gene expression in response to nutritional and hormonal stimuli. A lucrative, sensitive, specific and mind-numbing assay, based on a pre-existing murine ELISA, was developed to detect the presence of CNS tissue in cow`meat products. |
| 2006 | Intrauterine growth of fetus is controlled by fetal, maternal and environmental factors. Unfavorable fetal experience in the womb is known to affect health and increase the incidence of diseases such as high blood pressure, decreased hepatic cell proliferation, glucose intolerance, renal disease, coronary heart disease, obesity and diabetes later in life. This may be due to altered gene expression by maternal diet restriction during fetal life that regulates nutrient metabolism. Ghrelin, endogenous peptide hormone, is composed of 28 amino acids and is involved in food intake and growth hormone release. Ghrelin also regulates energy balance and function of the digestive tract. We studied the effect of 50 percent global nutrient reduction during first half of gestation on fetal digestive tract ghrelin gene expression on day 135 of gestation. Prepro-ghrelin mRNA expression was significantly higher in the duodenum of fetus from undernourished ewes when compared to those from control fed ewes. This result demonstrated that earlier ghrelin gene expression in the fetus from undernourished ewes may predispose the offspring to obesity as ghrelin increases feed intake. Maternal undernutrition before conception also alters the hormonal status and may affect embryo/fetus survival. Progesterone maintains pregnancy and ISG15 is known to play a critical role during early pregnancy. We studied the effect of periconceptional undernutrition (50 percent global nutrient reduction) on progesterone and interferon stimulated gene product 15kDa (ISG15) in blood during early pregnancy in sheep. Our study showed that periconceptional undernutrition in ewes lowered the progesterone and ISG15 mRNA expression in the blood. Lower level of progesterone and ISG15 may increase the incidence of embryo/fetus mortality. These data suggests that maternal nutritional status plays a critical role which could impact the health status and growth of offspring. |
| Impact | |
| 1999 | Specific information on the interaction of insulin-growth factors and farm animal growth at the cellular, molecular and whole animal level will add to our knowledge of the regulation of mammalian growth. It is anticipated that these studies will provide the basic knowledge which is required to intelligently and efficiently regulate meat animal growth and production. |
| 2000 | The described method will provide dairy producers with a new value-added product, will provide an alternative to mammalian sera in cell culture systems, and will provide a well-characterized, biologically active nutraceutical product for the human health/dietary supplement market. |
| 2001 | The results of the current studies provide information in two different areas. The possible use of growth factor-enriched bovine colostrum factions is examined in cell preparations, laying the groundwork for use of these preparations as human or animal nutritional/health supplements. In addition, basic studies of the nutritional regulation of fatty tissue gene function is examined with an eye towards regulation of these genes in ruminant animals and concomitant alteration of body/carcass composition. |
| 2002 | The completed studies provide fundamental information about the regulation of fat deposition in sheep. This will lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling fatness, and thus carcass composition, in meat animals. As fat trimmed from carcasses in the US amounts to a multi-million dollar loss to the meat industry, studies such as this will lead to future improvements in the efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of the meat animal industry . |
| 2003 | This project will provide us with information about an animal's response, at the gene level, to several important regulators of animal growth and well-being. These include nutritional, age-related and hormonal factors. |
| 2004 | This study provides important information about the reliability of three tests to detect central nervous system tissue in meat products. The CSU F-ELISA provides the highest sensitivity and repeatability of detection of the three systems studied. The USDA method is nonquantitative and time-consuming. The commercially-availiable Ridascreen assay provides rapid results, but is expensive and subject to large variations in data quantity and quality. The CSU F-ELISA provides a simple, high-throughput method to detect CNS tissue. The results of this study will enhance the safety of meat consumers, ensuring them that meat products are free of neural tissue contamination. Utilization of biochemical tests for CNS detection provides an objective, quantitative scientific method to ensure a well-controlled and safe food supply. |
| 2005 | In toto, these studies have provided insight into the mechanisms involved in animal growth of relevant meat animals. These earth-shaking studies have fundamentall altered the worldview of the Animal Scientists everywhere, allowing them glimpses into a world they only imagined. Development of RIAs, ELISAs and gene panels has provided information about animal growth regulation and its measurement using cellular and molecular probes that are essential to a profound understanding of animal growth regulation, nutritional inputs, stakeholder biases and food safety. |
| 2006 | Programming of growth related hormone expression through dietary manipulation in livestock maybe used as a tool to improve the growth and feed efficiency. Programming of hormone secretion by maternal diet manipulation also has an impact on meat quality because ghrelin is also involved in fat partitioning. Management of nutritional status of mother could also improve conception rate as well as embryo/fetus survival. |
| Publications | |
| 1993 |
TANDESKI, TERRY R. 1993. Receptors for insulin-like growth factors in sheep hepatocytes and sheep liver plasma membranes. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 94 p. |
| 1994 |
HOSSNER, K.L., YEMM, R.S., MORGAN, J.B., TATUM, J.D. and SMITH, G.C. 1994. Effects of estrogen and estrogen/androgen implants on serum levels of growth hormone (GH) in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 72(Suppl. 1):160. KRABBENHOFT, E.A., BRANNEN, B.A., GREENE, E.A., RAUB, R.H., HOSSNER, K.L. and DODSON, M.V. 1994. Modulation of equine satellite cell activity: Effects of IGF-I, FGF and TGF-1. Molec. Biol. Cell 5:165, No. 956 RAY, B.S., SQUIRES, E.L., COOK, N.L., TARR, S.F., JASKO, D.J. and HOSSNER, K.L. 1994. Pregnancy following gamete intrafollicular transfer in the mare. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 14:27-30. VIERCK, J.L., MCNAMARA, J.P., HOSSNER, K.L. and DODSON, M.V. 1994. Ovine satellite cell strains display differences in fusion and IGF- I binding protein profiles in vitro. Molec. Bio . Cell 5:164, No. 955. |
| 1995 |
ENGLE, T.E., NOCKELS, C.F., ET AL. 1995. The effect of feeding organic and inorganic zinc on biochemical parameters in zinc-deficient calves. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 46:471-474. -- ENGLE, T.E., NOCKELS, C.F., KIMBERLING, C.V., TOOMBS, R.E., HOSSNER, K.L., YEMM, R.S. and WEABER, D.L. 1995. The effect of feeding organic and inorganic zinc on biochemical parameters in zinc deficient calves. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl.1):148 GREENE, E.A., RAUB, R.H., KRABBENHOFT, E.A., BRANNON, B.A., SULLIVAN, J.M., HOSSNER, K.L. and DODSON, M.V. 1995. Initial observations on the growth factor regulation of equine satellite cells in vitro. Basic Appl. Myol. 5:21-26 HOSSNER, K.L., ET AL. 1995. Alteration of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I system in response to nutrient restriction in callipyge and non-callipyge sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl. 1):114 RAMSEY, J.J., HOSSNER, K.L. and JOHNSON, D.E. 1995. Effect of proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane and organ mass on metabolic rate in obese and lean strains of rats. FASEB J. 9:3492 VIERCK, J.L., ET AL. 1995. Characterization of ovine skeletal muscle satellite cell strains in a defined culture medium formulated to enhance differentiation: fusion and the IGF system. Basic Appl. Myol. 5:11-20 |
| 1996 |
DODSON, M.V., K.L. HOSSNER, J. VIERCK. 1996. Intercellular communication between muscle cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Basic Appl. Myol. 6:501-510 DODSON, M.V., K.L. HOSSNER, J.L. VIERCK, B. MATHISON, E. KRABBENHOFT. 1996. Correlation of serum GH and IGF-I with satellite cell responsiveness in Targhee rams. Animal Sci. 62:89-96 HOSSNER, K.L, J. HOWARD, R. YEMM, M.V. DODSON. 1996. Secretion of IGF-I and -II and their binding proteins by sheep satellite cell strains and preadipocytes grown alone and in coculture. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (Suppl. 1), Abstr. 164 RAMSEY, J.J., D.E. JOHNSON, K.L. HOSSNER, K.A. JOHNSON. 1996. Metabolic rate, organ mass and mitochondrial proton leak in lean and obese rats. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. Part B, Biochem. Molec. Bol. 113:461-466 |
| 1997 |
DODSON, M.V., J.L. VIERCK, K.L. HOSSNER, K. BYRNE, and J.P. McNAMARA. 1997. The development and utility of a defined muscle and fat co-culture system. Tissue and Cell. 29(5):517-524 HOLLAND, M.D., K.L. HOSSNER, S.E. WILLIAMS, C.R. WALLANCE, G.D. NISWENDER and K.G. ODDE. 1997. Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors and placental lactogen during gestation in cattle. I. Fetal profiles. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 14:231-239 HOSSNER, K.L, R.H. MCCUSKER, and M.V. DODSON. 1997. Invited Review. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in domestic animals. Anim. Sci. 64:1-15 HOSSNER, K.L., M.D. HOLLAND, S.E. WILLIAMS, C.R. WALLACE, G.D. NISWENDER, and K.G. ODDE. 1997. Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors and placental lactogen during gestation in cattle. II. Maternal profiles. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 14:316-324 HOSSNER, K.L., R. YEMM, J. VIERCK, and M.V. DODSON. 1997. Insulin-like growth factor (IFG)-I and -II and IGFBP secretion by ovine satellite cells grown alone or in coculture with 3T3-L1 cells. In Vitro, 33:791-795 |
| 1998 |
Duckett, S.K., Byrne, K.M., Hossner, K.L., and Dodson, M.V. 1998. Farm animal models for cellular and molecular skeletal muscle research. Basic Appl. Myol. 8, 169-173 |
| 1999 |
Hossner, K.L. 1999. The importance of temperature control in maintaining the activity of colostral components. Imu-Tek Animal Health Bulletin, 3 pp Schmidt, G.R., Hossner, K.L., Yemm, R.S., and Gould, D.H. 1999. Potential for disruption of central nervous system tissue in beef cattle by different types of captive bolt stunners. J. Food Protect. 62:390-393 Schmidt, G.R., Hossner, K.L., Yemm,R.S., Gould, D.H., and O'Callaghan, J.P. 1999. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glial fibrillary acidic protein as an indicator for the presence of brain or spinal cord in meat. J. Food Protect. 62:394-397 Yemm, R.S. and Hossner, K.L. 1999. Studies on the nature of leptin binding proteins. CSU Beef Prog. Report, pp. 231-236 |
| 2000 |
Hossner, K.L. 2000. Quality control and the production of Imu-Tek colostrum. Imu-Tek Animal Health Bulletin, 8pp. Hossner, K.L. and R.S. Yemm, 2000. Improved recovery of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)from bovine colostrum using alkaline diafiltration. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 32:161-170. Hossner, K.L. and R.S. Yemm, 2000. Methods to purify low molecular weight, basic isoelectric point proteins from biological fluids. Provisional U.S. Patent Application. CSURF Tech ID 00-34, August 10, 2000. 21 pp. Vierck, J. L., B.A. O'Reilly, K. Hossner, J. Antonio, K. Byrne, L. Bucci and M. Dodson, 2000. Satellite cell regulation following myotrauma caused by resistance exercise. Cell Biology International 24:263-272. |
| 2001 |
Schmidt, G.R. and Hossner, K.L. 2001. Development of a fluorescent ELISA for the detection of GFAP in meat products: Validation and survey of meat plants and AMR products. Research report to National Cattlemen's Beef Association. Unpub. Schmidt, G.R. and Hossner, K.L. 2001. Validation of a commercial ELISA for the detection of CNS materials in meat products. Research report to R-BioPharm, Inc., American Meat Institute and the National Meat Association. Unpub. Schmidt, G.R., Yemm, R.S., Childs, K.D., O'Callaghan, J.P., and Hossner, K.L. 2001. Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for glial fibrillary acidic protein as an indicator of the presence of brain or spinal cord in meat. 222nd American Chemical Society National Meeting. August 28, 2001. Chicago Schmidt, G.R., Yemm, R.S., Childs, K.D., O'Callaghan, J.P., and Hossner, K.L. 2001. The detection of central nervous system tissue on beef carcasses and in comminuted beef. J Food Prot 64:2047-2052. |
| 2002 |
Lee, S.H. and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Coordinate regulation of ovine adipose tissue gene expression by propionate. J. Anim. Sci. 80:2840-2849. Lee, S.H. and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Use of ribonuclease protection assay and quantitative PCR for analysis of adipose tissue marker genes. Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University. Animal Science Research Report. pp. 151-154. Lee, S.H., and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Effects of bovine colostral ultrafiltrates on growth and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 36:201-212. Lee, S.H., Engle, T.E., and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Effects of dietary copper on the expression of lipogenic genes and metabolic hormones in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1999-2005. Lee, S-H, and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for sheep fatty acid synthase. Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University. Animal Science Research Report. pp 137-140. Lee, S-H. and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Effects of propionate infusion on the expression of lipogenic genes and metabolic hormones in sheep. Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University. Animal Science Research Report. pp. 141-146. Schmidt, G.R., Yemm,R.S., Childs,K.D., O'Callaghan, J.P., and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Verification of different glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) analyses as accurate detectors of central nervous system tissue in advanced meat recovery (AMR) products. Meat Sci. 62:79-84. Sonnenshein, S.E., Yemm, R.S., Schmidt, G.R., and Hossner, K.L. 2002. Optimization of sample preparation and storage conditions for a biochemical assay to detect neural tissue in meat. Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University. Animal Science Research Report. pp .101-104. |
| 2006 |
Berg, B, Hess, B., Ford, S.P., McInnerney, K., Means, W., Hansen, T.R., and Han, H. 2006. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and maternal undernutrition induces differential gene expression in right ventricle of steers. J Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl.1) Abstract # W28; page 309-310. Han, H., Austin, K.J., Hansen, T.R., and Ford, S.P. 2006. Effect of periconceptional undernutrition on progesterone concentration and G1p2 mRNA expression in blood from pregnant ewes. Biology of Reproduction. Special Issue, p. 132, Abstract #270. Han, H., Austin, K.J., Rempel, L.R., and Hansen T.R. 2006. Low blood ISG15 mRNA and progesterone levels are predictive of non-pregnant dairy cows. J Endocrinol 191: 505-512. |