| Title |
Investigators | Department | Objectives | Approach Keywords | Progress Reports | Impact Statements | Publications | |
Project * COL00520 | |
| Title | *Sustainability of Thinning and Prescribed Fire Programs to Improve Forest Condition Along the Front Range, Colorado |
| Investigator(s) | Omi, PN; Cheng, AS; Rideout, DB; Martinson, E; |
| Department | Forest, Rangeland, & Watershed Sciences |
| Objectives | 1. Conduct an interdisciplinary examination (hypothesis tests) of the sustainability of expanded thinning and prescribed burning programs to improve forest condition in the Front Range of Colorado. 2. Conduct a series of collaborative learning workshops, involving both land managers and affected publics, based on knowledge gained from hypothesis tests. |
| Approach | An interdisciplinary team will test a series of hypotheses concerning the socio-political, ecological, and economic sustainability of expanded thinning and prescribed fire regimes in the Front Range of Colorado. Methods will include analyses of agency records, field data collection, surveys, and focus groups. Workshops will be conducted using knowledge gained from hypothesis tests. |
| Keywords | Sustainability, Mechanical thinning, Prescribed fire, Collaborative learning workshops |
| Progress Reports | |
| 2001 | Though in its infancy, work has proceeded in the following areas: 1) Development of detailed study plans for addressing project objectives; 2) Conceptual development of tools for communicating with managers and affected publics; 3) Planning for a Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration to be held April 16-18, 2002 in Fort Collins. GS=2 |
| 2002 | Work has proceeded in the following areas: 1) Development of detailed study plans for addressing project objectives; 2) Conceptual development of tools for communicating with managers and affected publics; 3) Vegetation was sampled 8-years post-fire in the Hourglass burned area, for eventual use in Collaborative Learning workshops; 4) A project web-site has been established (http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/~fuel/mcintire-stennis/). |
| 2003 | Major findings included improved understanding of fuel treatments in forests of Colorado and the western US, as well as tools for restoring ecosystems. A major regional workshop in April 2003 in Fort Collins CO identified lessons learned from the precipitous 2002 fire season in Colorado, including the impacts of prolonged drought and impacts on forest resources, such as wildlife, water, vegetation, insects and disease, among others. Participants included over 150 scientists, managers, students, and stakeholders from across the western US. In addition, our studies (Martinson and Omi 2003, Finney and others 2003) provide evidence that fuel modifications, such mechanical thinning and prescribed fore, can reduce wildfire severity even during prolonged droughts, although degree of success with depend on treatment of surface fuels, ladder fuels, and residual stem diameters and crown densities. Although such treatments are not designed to stop wildfire spread, fuel breaks may provide important access and egress for firefighters, as well as anchor points for firing operations. Issues related to scheduling fuel treatments across and landscape include knowledge gaps associated with fuel treatment productivity (Hof and Omi 2004). An additional study identified weaknesses and recommended improvements for current fire planning procedures developed in the US (Dimitrakopolous and Omi 2003). We also have found that the abundance of post-fire invasive plants can be mapped using spatial statistics as a function of wildfire severity, slope, aspect, dominant vegetation, and possibly in fuel treatment areas (Kalkhan and others 2003). We have refined our approach for studying two recent Colorado wildfires. Also post-fire sprouting of mountain mahogany appears to be related to fire severity (Liang and Omi 2003). Geospatial statistics also were used to map and improve understanding of fuel dynamics in fire-prone forests (Flores-Garnica and Omi 2003). The primary accomplishments achieved for communicating with managers and affected publics included workshops/symposia, presentations, and publications. Omi and Joyce (2003) includes numerous papers presented at a national symposium held during 2002 in Fort Collins CO (300 participants), covering a broad spectrum of topics related to fire, fuels treatment and ecological restoration - a subject of increasing interest to scientists, managers, and affected publics. Collaborative learning workshops were initially planned for this project, but have been tabled due to ongoing overlapping efforts being implemented by other entities, i .e., the Front Range Fuels Partnership by the USDA Forest Service. The project web-site is (http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/~fuel/mcintire-stennis/). |
| 2004 | Wildfires of increasing size and severity have become commonplace along the Front Range of Colorado and throughout the western US in recent years. The consequences of large, severe wildfires include damage to forest and watershed resources, business disruptions, and loss of life and personal property, among numerous other impacts. Expanded fuel treatments, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire, have been proposed as one strategy for responding to wildfires, although their ecological, social, and economic consequences are poorly understood. Major findings from this project include evidence for the role of fuel treatments in reducing wildfire hazards in forests of Colorado and the western US, as well as the likelihood that invasive plants will occupy post-wildfire sites that are severely burned. Specific insights on fuels and hazard reduction are provided in Omi (2004b-d), Omi and Martinson (2004), and Martinson (2004), summarizing reductions in severity across several wildfire case studies. Relations between fuel treatments and invasive plants are summarized in Omi et al. (2004) and Chong et al. (2004), showing the higher likelihood of exotic plants in areas that burn with high severity (although severity can be reduced with fuel treatments). Chapin (2004) provides basic information on the sustainability of Front Range fuel treatments, indicating that prescribed fires alone may be insufficient to assure forest restoration goals. Basic information on post-fire plant recovery can be found in Liang and Omi (2004), Hunter (2004), and Hunter and Omi (2004), focusing on shrub sprouting mechanisms, and seeded grasses that compete with native grasses, respectively. Additional contributions include synthetic discussions of fire management and ecology (Omi 2004a), a tool for estimating fire return interval (Martinson and Omi 2004a), and reinforcement of fire-climate relations in spite of fire exclusionary policies (Collins 2004). |
| 2005 | 1. Issue Wildfires of increasing size and severity have become commonplace along the Front Range of Colorado and throughout the western USA. The consequences of large, severe wildfires include damage to forest and watershed resources, business disruptions, and loss of life and personal property, among numerous other impacts. Expanded fuel treatments, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire, have been proposed as one strategy for responding to wildfires, although their ecological, social, and economic consequences are poorly understood. 2. Response Faculty-student teams in the Department of Forest, Watershed, and Rangeland Stewardship have been involved in ongoing investigations into the sustainability of expanded thinning and prescribed fire programs along the Front Range of Colorado. Previous reports have described and listed refereed publications and conferences/workshops associated with this project that cut across the following broad spectrum of subject areas: fuel treatment effects; fire economics, policy, and optimization; fire effects, ecology, and ecological restoration; spatial modeling; and social impacts. Publications in 2005 have provided general focus on fire science (e.g., Omi 2005), specific insights to fire initial attack optimization (e.g., Kirsch and Rideout 2005), and better understanding of public perspectives and social science (e.g., Cheng and Becker 2005 and Sturtevant et al. 2005). Additional insights have been gained through studies of live fuel flammability (Brown et al. 2005), wildfire rehabilitation (Hunter and Omi 2005), and two manuscripts currently In Press dealing with climate-wildfire relations and wildfire rehabilitation. As described in this and previous reports, audiences for products from this project have included scientists, managers, students, and lay publics. Our field studies provide evidence that fuel modifications, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire, can reduce wildfire severity even during prolonged droughts, although degree of success will depend on management objectives, and fuel strata treated (e.g., surface, ladder, crown). Throughout this project insights have been gained with respect to scheduling and planning of fuel treatments (including fuel breaks) across a landscape, and necessary improvements to current fire planning procedures. Other studies have examined the dynamics of post-fire invasions of exotic plants, post-fire sprouting of mountain mahogany after Front Range wildfires, and fuel dynamics in fire-prone forests. |
| 2006 | Wildfires of increasing size and severity have become commonplace along the Front Range of Colorado and throughout the western USA. For example, since 2002 four western states (including Colorado) have endured their largest fires on record. The consequences of large, severe wildfires include damage to forest and watershed resources, business disruptions, and loss of life and personal property, among numerous other impacts. Expanded fuel treatments, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire, have been proposed as one strategy for responding to wildfires, although their ecological, social, and economic consequences are poorly understood. Faculty-student teams in the Department of Forest, Watershed, and Rangeland Stewardship have been involved in ongoing investigations into the sustainability of expanded thinning and prescribed fire programs along the Front Range of Colorado. Previous reports have described and listed refereed publications and conferences/workshops associated with this project that cut across the following broad spectrum of subject areas: fuel treatment effects; fire economics, policy, and optimization; fire effects, ecology, and ecological restoration; spatial modeling; and social impacts. Publications in 2006 have focused on fuel treatment and wildfire impacts on invasive plants (i.e., Hunter et al. 2006, Hunter and Omi 2006, fire-climate interactions (Collins et al. 2006), and better understanding of public perspectives and social science (e.g., Cheng and Mattor 2006 and Walker et al. 2006). One publication (Martinson and Omi 2006) describes methods used to evaluate fuel treatment effectiveness. Three book chapters are currently In Press dealing with disturbance economics, incorporation of fuel treatment effects in fire program analysis, fuel treatment/vegetation management impacts on invasive plants, and the value of fuel treatments in northern Colorado's urban interface areas. Additionally, one manuscript provides guidance on evaluating the physical reductions in wildfire severity due to fuel treatments. As described in this and previous reports, audiences for products from this project have included scientists, managers, students, and lay publics. Our field studies provide evidence that fuel modifications, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire, can reduce wildfire severity even during prolonged droughts, although degree of success will depend on historic fire regime, management objectives, and fuel strata treated (e.g., surface , ladder, crown). Throughout this project insights have been gained with respect to scheduling and planning of fuel treatments (including fuel breaks) across a landscape, and necessary improvements to fire program analysis. Other studies have examined the dynamics of post-fire invasions of exotic plants, post-fire sprouting of mountain mahogany after Front Range wildfires, fire effects on wildlife habitat, and fuel dynamics in fire-prone forests. |
| Impact | |
| 2001 | As a consequence of this research, greater understanding will be developed about the overall sustainability of expanded fuel treatment programs, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire, as proposed for the Front Range of Colorado. Further, the Collaborative Learning workshops will provide tools to land managers for communicating and working with publics affected by proposed expansions in fuel treatment programs. Finally, our efforts will provide greater understanding of public perceptions regarding wildfire and fuels management. Such knowledge will be essential for decision-makers and land stewards in Colorado and elsewhere, and will ultimately determine the long-range sustainability of expanded fuel treatment programs. |
| 2002 | As a consequence of this research, greater understanding is being developed among researchers, managers, and lay persons about the overall sustainability of expanded fuel treatment programs , such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire. Further, the Collaborative Learning workshops will provide tools to land managers for communicating and working with publics affected by proposed expansions in fuel treatment programs, including better understanding of public perceptions regarding wildfire and fuels management. |
| 2003 | As a consequence of this research, greater understanding if being developed among researchers, managers, and laypersons about the overall sustainability of expanded fuel treatment programs, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire. Further, we are developing information that should be of increasing use to land managers for communicating and working with publics affected by proposed expansions in fuel treatment programs, including better understanding of public perceptions regarding wildfire and fuels management. |
| 2004 | As a consequence of this research, greater understanding is being developed among researchers, managers, and laypersons about the overall sustainability of expanded fuel treatment programs, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire. As a result of this project, managers and policy makers will have more reasonable expectations about the productivity of fuel treatments . Furthermore, we are developing information that should be of increasing use to land managers for communicating and working with publics affected by proposed expansions in fuel treatment programs, including better understanding of public perceptions regarding wildfire and fuels management. Lastly, the student theses and dissertation supported on this project contribute basic information of relevance to fuel hazard reduction and forest restoration. |
| 2005 | Our efforts have improved understanding and provided databases for fuel treatment effects in forests of Colorado and the western US, as well as providing insights into the techniques, costs, and benefits of ecosystem restoration. As a consequence, greater understanding is being developed among researchers, managers, and lay publics about the overall sustainability of expanded fuel treatment programs, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire. Economic processors have been developed that optimize fire management expenditures in recognition that fuel treatments reduce the costs and losses from wildfires (estimates vary but range from 20-30%). Even so, damaging wildfires will likely persist in forests until landscapes are made safer for both wild and prescribed fires. Until then, our work in the social aspects of fuel treatments will have increasing importance. For example, land managers at state and federal levels are adopting our techniques for communicating and collaborating with publics affected by proposed expansions in fuel treatment programs. In the long run, public acceptance will be essential to the overall sustainability of fuel treatment programs. |
| 2006 | Our efforts have improved understanding and provided databases for fuel treatment effects in forests of Colorado and the western US, as well as providing insights into the techniques, costs, and benefits of ecosystem restoration. As a consequence, greater understanding is being developed among researchers, managers, and lay publics about the overall sustainability of expanded fuel treatment programs, such as mechanical thinning and prescribed fire. Economic processors have been developed that optimize fire management expenditures in recognition that fuel treatments reduce the costs and losses from wildfires (estimates vary but range from 20-30%). Even so, damaging wildfires will likely persist in forests until landscapes are made safer for both wild and prescribed fires. Until then, our work in the social aspects of fuel treatments will have increasing importance. For example, land managers at state and federal levels are adopting our techniques for communicating and collaborating with publics affected by proposed expansions in fuel treatment programs. In the long run, public acceptance will be essential to the overall sustainability of fuel treatment programs. Our products this year provide important ecological, economic, and social insights regarding fuel treatments, but also inform our audiences with visionary perspectives regarding issues not fully considered in extant literature. |
| Publications | |
| 2002 |
Hof, J., Omi, P.N., Bevers, M., and Laven., R.D. 2000. A timing-oriented approach to spatial allocation of fire management effort. For. Sci. 46:442-451. Adapted and published as Chapter 12, In: Hof, J. and M. Bevers. 2002. Spatial Optimization in Ecological Applications. Columbia University Press, NY. Pp 183-202. Kalkhan, M.A., Omi, P.N., Martinson, E.J., Stohlgren, T.J., Chong, G.W., and Hunter, M.A. 2002 . Invasive plants and wildfire on the Cerro Grande fire, Los Alamos: integration of spatial information and spatial statistics. In: Abstracts, Conference on fire, fuel treatments and ecological restoration. April 2002. Kalkhan, MA, Martinson, E.J. Omi, P.N., Stohlgren, T.J., Chong, G.W., and Hunter, M.A. 2002. Integration of spatial information and spatial statistics: a case study of invasive plants and wildfire on the Cerro Grande fire, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. In: Abstracts, Tall Timbers 22nd Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Temperate, Boreal and Montane Ecosystems, Kananaskis, Canada, October 2002. Martinson, E.J., and Omi, P.N. 2002. Performance of fuel treatments subjected to wildfires. In: Abstracts, Conference on fire, fuel treatments and ecological restoration. April 2002. Martinson, E.J., and Omi, P.N. 2002. Relating pre-settlement fire regimes to 20th Century fire potential may augment ecological justifications for fuel treatment programs. In: Abstracts, Tall Timbers 22nd Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Temperate, Boreal and Montane Ecosystems, Kananaskis, Canada, October 2002. Omi, P.N. 2002. Fire and water. Colorado Water 18(5):14-15. Omi, P.N., and Martinson, E. J. 2002. Effect of fuels treatment on wildfire severity. Final report. Western Forest Fire Research Center. Submitted to the Joint Fire Science Program Governing Board (also accessible as http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/FS/westfire/FinalReport.pdf). Omi, P.N., Martinson, E.J. Kalkhan, M.A., Chong, G.W., Hunter, M. and Stohlgren, T.J. 2002. Fuels, fire severity, and invasive plants within the Cerro Grande fire, Los Alamos, NM. In: Abstracts, Tall Timbers 22nd Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Temperate, Boreal and Montane Ecosystems, Kananaskis, Canada, October 2002. Pollet, J., and Omi, P.N. 2002. Effect of thinning and prescribed burning on crown fire severity in ponderosa pine forests. International Journal Wildland fire 11:1-20. |
| 2003 |
Dimitrakopoulos A.P. and Omi, P.N. 2003. Evaluation of the fire simulation processes of the National Fire Management Systems Initial Attack Processor. Environmental Management 312:147-156. Finney, M.A., Bartlette, R., Bradshaw, L., Close, K., Collins, B.M., Gleason, P., Hao, W.M, Langowski, P., McGinely, J., McHugh, C.W., Martinson, E., Omi, P.N., Shepperd, W., Zeller, K. 2003. Fire Behavior, Fuel Treatments, and Fire Suppression on the Hayman Fire. Pp 33-179 In: Hayman Fire Case Study. R.T. Graham, tech. ed. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-114. 396 p. (also available at http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr114.html) Flores-Garnica, J.G. and P.N. Omi. 2003. Mapping forest fuels for spatial fire behavior simulations using geomatic strategies. Agociencia 37:65-72. Hof, J. and Omi, P.N. 2003. Scheduling removals for fuels management. Pp. 367-378 In: Omi, P.N . and L.A. Joyce. (tech. eds.). Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: conference proceedings; 2002 16-18 April; Fort Collins, CO. Proceedings RMRS-P29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 475 p. Kalkhan, M.A., Omi, P.N., Martinson, E.J., Stohlgren T.J., Chong, G.W., and Hunter, M.A.. 2003 . Pp 453-454 In: Omi, P.N. and L.A. Joyce. (tech. eds.) . Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: conference proceedings; 2002 16-18 April; Fort Collins, CO. Proceedings RMRS-P29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 475 p. Martinson, E.J. and Omi, P.N. 2003. Performance of fuel treatments subjected to wildfires. Pp 7-14 In: Omi, P.N. and Joyce, L.A. (tech. eds.). Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: conference proceedings 2002 16-18 April; Fort Collins, CO. Proceedings RMRS-P29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 475 p. Omi, P.N. and Joyce, L.A. (tech. eds.). 2003. Fire, fuel treatments, and ecological restoration: conference proceedings; 2002 16-18 April; Fort Collins, CO. Proceedings RMRS-P29. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 475 p. |
| 2004 |
Omi, P.N. and E.J. Martinson 2004. Fuel treatments and fire regimes. JFSP Project Highlights. Research Support Sound Decisions. http://jfsp.nifc.gov/news/doc/highlight.pdf. 2 p. Burns, M. 2003. 2004. Examining framing effects on stakeholders' responses to thinning on the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University. 120p. Chapin, G.D. 2004. Simulated fire management alternatives in the Colorado Front Range: implications for forest restoration and crown fire hazard reduction. M.S. thesis, Colorado State University. 42 p. Chong, G., M. Hunter, E. Martinson, P. Omi, T. Stohlgren, and M. Kalkhan. 2004. Effects of pre-fire fuel reduction treatments on post-wildfire non-native plant species richness and cover. Ecological Society of America 89th Annual Meeting. August 1-6, 2004. Portland, OR. Collins, B.M. 2004. Regional relationships between climate and area burned at multiple scales in the Intermountain West. M.S. thesis, Colorado State University. 59 p. Detmar, K.M. 2004. Why didn't they come? Non-participation in a collaborative forest planning process. M.S. thesis, Colorado State University. 75p Hunter, M.E. 2004. Post-fire grass seedling invasion for rehabilitation and erosion control: implications for native plant recovery and exotic species establishment. Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado State University. 133 p. Hunter, M.E. and P.N. Omi. 2004. Seedbanks of native and exotic plants and potential for vegetation recovery following wildfire. Ecological Society of America 89th Annual Meeting. August 1-6, 2004. Portland, OR. Liang, L.M. and P.N. Omi. 2004. The role of true mountain mahogany sprouts related to ponderosa pine seedlings in sustaining mixed-severity fire regimes. Proceedings, Conference on Mixed Severity Fire Regimes. November 17-19, 2004. Spokane, WA. http://emmps.wsu .edu/fire/secondary/PROCEEDINGS.html Martinson, E.J. 2004. Retrospective analysis of fuel treatment performance under extreme wildfire conditions. Abstracts. 47th Annual Meeting, International Association of Vegetation Science held July 18-23, 2004 in Kailua-Kona, HI. CD-ROM. Martinson, E.J. and P.N. Omi. 2003. Historic fire regimes of north America: a geographic model based on quantitative research synthesis. Pages 137-144 in K.E.M. Galley, R.C. Klinger, and N .G. Sugihara (eds.). Proceedings of the Fire Conference 2000: The First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management. Miscellaneous Publication No. 13, Tall Timbers Research Station. Tallahassee, FL. Omi, P.N. 2004a. Reflections on Tall Timbers 22 and September 11- conference summary. Pages 324-25 in R.T. Engstrom, K.E.M. Galley, and W.J. de Groot (eds.). Proceedings of the 22nd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Temperate, Boreal, and Montane Ecosystems. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL. Omi, P.N. 2004b. Fuel treatments and wildfires. In: Proceedings, 2004 British Columbia Wildfire Conference on Wildland Urban Interface Fire in the New Era.. May 11-13, Whistler, BC. D. Gayton (compiler). Western Silvilcultural Contractors Association, CD-ROM, 22 p. Omi, P.N. 2004c. Evaluating tradeoffs between wildfires and fuel treatments. In: Proceedings, 2nd Symposium on Fire Economics, Policy, and Planning: a global view. 19-22 April 2004, Cordoba, Spain. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. CD-ROM, 10 p. Omi, P.N. 2004d. Coarse woody debris-implications for salvage. Abstracts. Lessons of Lewis and Clark: Ecological explorations of inhabited landscapes. Ecological Society of America 89th Annual Meeting. August 1-6, 2004. Portland, OR. Omi, P.N., E.J. Martinson, M.A. Kalkahn, G.W. Chong, M.Hunter, and T.J. Stohlgren. 2004. Fuels , fire severity, and invasive plants within the Cerro Grande fire, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Pages 141-148 in R.T. Engstrom, K.E.M. Galley, and W.J. de Groot (eds.). Proceedings of the 22nd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Temperate, Boreal, and Montane Ecosystems. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL. |
| 2005 |
Cheng, A.S. and D.R. Becker. 2005. Public perspectives of the "wildfire problem." Fire Management Today 63(3):12-15. Hunter, M.E. and P.N. Omi. 2005. Seed supply of native and cultivated grasses in pine forests of the southwestern United States and the potential for vegetation recovery following wildfire . Plant Ecology. Abstract available online at http://www.springerlink .com/(mpsehob1aqe4ge55avqbcxbx)/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,52,52 ;journal,1,103;linkingpublicationresults,1:100328,1 Brown, A., J. Pollet, and P.N. Omi. 2005. Comparison of live fuel moisture sampling methods for big sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata spp.) in Utah. In: Abstracts, 23 Fire Ecology Conference, Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems, 17-20 October 2005, Bartlesville, OK. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL. Kirsch, A. G. and D.B. Rideout. 2005. Optimizing initial attack deployment and placement with simultaneous ignitions in a performance-based system" In: Systems Analysis in Forest Resources: Proceedings of the 2003 Symposium; October 7-9, Stevenson, WA. Bevers, M.; Barrett, T. (Eds.). General Technical Report PNW-GTR-656. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 366 p. Liang, L.M. 2005. True mountain mahogany sprouting in mixed-severity ponderosa pine fire regimes. M.S. thesis. Colorado State University. Omi, P.N. 2005. Forest Fires: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Inc., 347 p. Sturtevant, V., M.A. Moote, P.J. Jakes, and A.S. Cheng. 2005. Social science to improve fuels management: a synthesis of research on collaboration. General Technical Report NC-257. St. Paul, MN: USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station. |
| 2006 |
Cheng, A.S. and K.M. Mattor. 2006. Why won't they come? Stakeholder perspectives on collaborative national forest planning by participation level. Environmental Management 38:545-561 Collins, B.M., P.N. Omi, and P. L. Chapman. 2006. Regional relationships between climate and wildfire burned area in the Interior West U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(3):699-709 Hunter, M.E., and P.N. Omi. 2006. Seed supply of native and cultivated grasses in pine forests of the southwestern United States and the potential for vegetation recovery following wildfire . Plant Ecology 183: 1-8 Hunter, M.E., P.N. Omi, E.J. Martinson, and G.W. Chong. 2006. Establishment of non-native plant species after wildfires: effects of fuel treatments, abiotic and biotic factors, and post-fire grass seeding treatments. Internat. J. Wildland Fire 15: 271-281 Martinson, E.J. and P.N. Omi. 2006. Assessing mitigation of wildfire severity by fuel treatments - an example from the Coastal Plain of Mississippi. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-41:429-439 Walker, G.B., S.E. Daniels, and A.S. Cheng. 2006. Facilitating dialogue and deliberation in environmental conflict: the use of groups in collaborative learning. In L.R. Frey (ed.), Facilitating group communication in context: Innovations and applications with natural groups, pp. 205-238. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. (Refereed book chapters) Williams, V.J. 2006. Fire effects on wildlife: Is there a disconnect between fire and wildlife management? M.S. Scholarly Paper, Colorado State University, Department of Forest, Rangeland, Watershed Stewardship |