| Title |
Investigators | Department | Objectives | Approach Keywords | Progress Reports | Impact Statements | Publications | |
Project * COL00207A(See Project History for COL00207) | |
| Title | Exotic Germplasm Conversion and Breeding Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Resistance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and to Enhance Nutritional Value |
| Investigator(s) | Brick, MA; Schwartz, HF; |
| Department | Soil and Crop Sciences |
| Objectives | 1. To broaden the genetic base of bean cultivars of major market classes, 2. To improve yield potential and resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses affecting production, and 3. To identify health promoting constituents and properties. |
| Approach | Plant cultivars will be developed through hybridization of common bean lines. The resultant projeny will be selected and screened using laboratory, greenhouse and field nurseries. Mechanisms of resistance and inheritance will be studied using appropriate breeding and plant pathology. The health benefits of bean market classes will be evaluated using laboratory assays and animal feeding studies. |
| Keywords | dry bean, breeding, plant pathology, pest resistance, plant disease, human health |
| Progress Reports | |
| 2006 | Dry edible bean is an important crop in the High Plains and Intermountain Western US. Production is primarily limited by pathogens and yield potential of cultivars. White mold disease reduces yield annually from 10 to 30% in Colorado and the High Plains. Research efforts have identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) that accounted for 48% of the variation for resistance to white mold disease. Lines have been identified with high levels of resistance have been increased for additional testing and to develop white mold resistant pinto bean varieties. We completed development of a breeding population that combines genes for resistance to white mold found in scarlet runner and common bean. Cultural practice studies that influence yield determined that when plant population was increased 50 percent yield increased for varieties that had upright growth habit such as Matterhorn and Vision. A companion experiment with S.P. Singh in Idaho showed that fungicide protection improved yield by more than 50 percent for the susceptible vine type Montrose. The economic benefit to these findings should enhance the net return for production of dry beans from 2 to 5 % and reduce the impact of white mold on the quality of commercial beans. Bacterial wilt, a serious foliar pathogen in the High Plains was confirmed in dry bean in Colorado, western Nebraska and Wyoming during 2006. Because this disease is seed transmitted, it can cause large economic losses. We have focused on monitoring the spread of the pathogen as well as evaluating varieties and germplasm for sources of genetic resistance. Research on the health benefits of beans continues confirm that beans in the diets of laboratory animals have a significant effect on reducing the incidence of mammary cancer. Dosage levels of dry beans in the diet of laboratory animals suggest a linear response for protection against mammary cancer. This information should enhance the consumption of dry beans and thereby reduce the incidence of chronic disease Colorado State University coordinated the Asian soybean rust and soybean aphid monitoring network in CO, ID, OR, WA, and Canada to monitor for the occurrence of Asian soybean rust (SBR) and the soybean aphid (SBA). The project; (1) confirmed involvement of local cooperators and provided diagnostic training; (2) established linkage with the National Plant Diagnostic Network contact to share primary pest information on soybean rust and soybean aphid; and (3) established linkage with the USDA/CSREES PIPE Web Site and protocol to access resources and upload weekly survey data made available to the public at http://sbrusa .net/. No samples of soybean rust or soybean aphid were detected in Sentinel Plots or commercial fields of legumes in Colorado and the western region. As a result, thousands of acres of legumes were not sprayed needlessly with a preventive fungicide or insecticide which provided economic benefits to growers and reduced chemical exposure to the environment and food supply. |
| Impact | |
| 2006 | Research on mechanisms of resistance for major pathogens provide the breeding program with useful genes that have been used to reduce the cost of production and impact of biotic pest to the bean industry. Currently, cultivars released by this project that possess multiple pest resistance are produced on approximately 40% of the acreage in the state and have increased yield by 5 to 10% over cultivars they replaced. Research on the health benefits of dry beans indicate that dry beans in the diet provided protection against mammary cancer in animal studies. This information should increase dry bean consumption and economic return to producers. Meteorological forcasting enabled timely and efficient application of pesticides and disease surveys enable bean producers to more efficiently manage diseases to reduce costs and improve profitability. Monitoring fields in the western US and Canada for soybean rust and the soybean aphid prevented the use of unnecessary pesticides and concern to producers regarding a new pathogen. |
| Publications | |
| 2006 |
Steadman, J. R., Otto-Hanson, L. K., Breathnach, J., Kurowski, C., Mainz, R., Kelly, J., Griffiths, P., Myers, J., Miklas, P., Schwartz, H., Singh, S., and Oppelaar, A. 2006. Identification of partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean at multiple locations in 2005. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 49:223-224. Brick, M.A., Byrne, P. F., Schwartz, H. F., Ogg, J. B., Otto, K., Fall, A. L., and Gilbert, J. 2006. Reaction to three races of Fusarium wilt in the Phaseolus vulgaris core collection. Crop Sci. 46:1245-1252. Brick, M.A., Maxwell, J. J., Byrne, p. F., Shan, X., Schwartz, H. F., Ogg, J. B., and Henson, R. 2006. Quantitative trait loci linked to white mold resistance in common bean. Abstracts Western Society of Crop Science, 19-21 June 2006. Torrington, WY. Harveson, R. M., Schwartz, H. F., Vidaver, A. K., Lambrecht, P. A., and Otto, K. L. 2006. New outbreaks of bacterial wilt of dry bean in Nebraska observed from field infections. Plant Disease 90:681. Lanier, W. T., Brewer, M. F., Peairs, F. B., Hein, G. L., Schwartz, H. F., Campbell, J. B., and Blodgett, S. 2006. Development and assessment of an on-line High Plains Integrated Pest Management Guide for a regional audience. American Entomologist 52: 30-35. Maxwell, J., Brick, M., Byrne, P., Schwartz, H., Shan, X., Ogg, J. B., and Henson, R. 2006. Quantitative trait loci for resistance to white mold in common bean. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 49:63-64. Otto-Hanson, L. K., Steadman, J. R., Kurowski, C., Mainz, R., Kelly, J., Griffiths, P., Grafton, K., Myers, J., Miklas, P., Schwartz, H., Singh, S., Kmiecik, K., Felix, R., Kee, E., and Oppelaar, A. 2006. Use of multi-sites to identify partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean over multiple years. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 49:91-92. Schwartz, H. F., Steadman, J. R., and Pastor-Corrales, M. A. 2006. Challenges to and priorities for management of rusts of common bean. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 49:53-54. Schwartz, H.F., Otto, K., Teran, H., Lema, M., and Singh, S.P. 2006. Inheritance of white mold resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris x P. coccineus crosses. Plant Dis. 90:1167-1170. Teran, H., Lema, M., Schwartz, H. F., Duncan, R., Gilbertson, R., and Singh, S. P. 2006. Modified Petzoldt and Dickson scale for white mold rating of common bean. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 49:115-116. |